化石动物

We noticed that in the specimens of robustaustralopithecines,there were characteristics of the anklebone thatwould haveaffected its bipedal locomotion, said Gary Schwartz, anArizonaState University anthropologist.

此项研究的参与者、美国亚利桑那州立大学的人类学家加里·施瓦兹对此表示：我们注意到，在粗壮型南猿的化石样本中，其踝骨的一些特性可能影响到了他们作为两足动物的运动。

Scientists announced on Thursday they had definitive proof that the "Taung child", a 2-million year old apeman skull famed as one of the most dramatic human evolutionary finds, was killed and eaten by an eagle.

据路透社1月13日报道，科学家12日宣布，已有充分的证据显示"汤恩小孩"葬身于老鹰之口而非先前推测的美洲豹等动物。1924，南非汤恩地区发现的一具大约3岁至4岁的非洲南方古人猿头骨化石被称作"汤恩小孩"。

Particular configurations on bedding planes and on the surface perpendicular to the bedding planes lead to different explanations for the genesis of these silty dykes:(1) they are considered as the oldest trace fossils of metazoan according to the spindle-crack of siltstones on the bedding plane and the sand-filling tube configurations on the surface perpendicular to the bedding plane;(2) they are considered as the liquefied sand-veins induced by earthquake according to the sinuous configuration of siltstone dykes on the surface perpendicular to the bedding plane and the obvious liquation feature.

由于该粉砂岩岩墙在层面上和层内具有特别的形态，因而对其成因具有多种解释：在层面上呈纺锤状粉砂岩裂缝以及在层内呈砂质充填管形态，从而被认为是最古老的后生动物遗迹化石；在层内呈弯弯曲曲的粉砂岩岩墙以及明显的流体化作用特点，所以又被解释为地震振荡作用形成的液化砂岩脉。

"Belemnite:a cone-shaped, fossilized internal shell of any of an extinct genus of cephalopods related to the cuttlefish."

箭石：由灭绝的与乌贼有血亲关系的头足纲动物的内壳形成的尖锥状化石。

In "Orrorin tugenensis Femoral Morphology and the Evolution of Hominin Bipedalism," the authors articulate that the analysis and morphological comparisons among femora from the fossils showed that O. tugenensis is distinct from those of modern humans and the great apes in having a long, anteroposteriorly narrow neck and wide proximal shaft.

在图根原人股骨形态与两足动物的进化问题上，作者确认：经分析与比较它们的股骨化石形态表明，图根原人与现代人和类人猿有明显的不同，它们的骨杆较长且细，近端骨干较为宽大。

To avoid sampling bias, they restricted their analysis to one group of animals—the bivalve molluscs—that fossilise well.

为了防止取样的偏颇，他们将分析的对象限制在一类化石记录保存完备动物——双壳类软体动物。

Has long been engaged in brachiopod fossils and Carboniferous, Permian stratigraphy.

长期从事腕足动物化石和石炭纪、二叠纪地层研究。

Yellow-throated marten\'s relationship is between Stone marten and Fisher marten.Fisher marten is the first species who was divided from Martes.The second one were Yellow-throated marten and Stone marten.Based on the analysis of the fossil note,Martes came from Central Europe,Fisher marten,Yellow-throated marten and Stone marten belonged to a branch which evolved to temperate zone.Boreal forest martens was another branch which evolved to cold environment.It is suggested that Yellow-throated marten and Fisher martenwere ascertained genus separately.4、By contrasting and analyzing 11 complete mitochondrial control region gene sequences of Mustelidae,the extended termination associated sequence domain、the central domain and the conserved sequence block domain were identified.A extended termination associated sequence(ETAS1) and eight conserved sequence(CSB-F、E、D、C、B、1、2、3) was indicated,and sequence mode was presented.Different kind of short repeat sequences were found between CSB1 and CSB2.With wolf as the outgroup,the phylogenetic evolution relationship of Mustelidae was analyzed using the neighbor-joining method.

而基于鼬亚科动物线粒体DNA12种重链编码蛋白基因序列及石貂和渔貂线粒体ND2和cyt b全序列，以狼、狗獾和水獭为外类群，应用NJ、MP和ML法构分别构建貂属和貂熊的系统进化树，结果表明：紫貂与日本貂亲缘关系较美洲貂近，石貂与真貂亚属亲缘关系较近，黄喉貂介于石貂和渔貂之间；渔貂是最早从貂属分化出的种类，其次是黄喉貂和石貂；结合化石记录分析，貂属起源于中欧地区，渔貂、黄喉貂和石貂属于一个向温带进化的分支，而真貂亚属为另外一个向寒冷环境进化的分支，建议将黄喉貂和渔貂分别定为单独的属。4、比对并分析11种鼬科动物线粒体DNA控制区序列，识别出延长终止序列区、中央区和保守序列区3个区域，指出了一个终止相关序列ETAS1及8个保守序列(CSB-F、E、D、C、B、1、2和3)，并给出了序列通式，在CSB1和CSB2之间发现具有不同形式的短串联重复序列。

Under the supports of NSFC, we reported the earliest euprimate skull. Based on allometric regression analysis and cladistic analysis, we hypothesized that the last common ancestor of the euprimate was a small, diurnal and insectivorous animal. This suggestion challenged the traditional ideas, which predicted that the last common ancestor of the euprimates was nocturnal or frugivorous animal.

在该项青年基金的资助下，我们研究报道了最早的真灵长类头骨化石，通过异速生长回归分析和分支系统分析，提出了真灵长类最近共同祖先是小型的、日行性的、捕食昆虫的动物的假说，挑战了传统的认为真灵长类最近共同祖先是夜行性的或是食果动物的假说。

These fossils, found on Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic, are the most compelling examples yet of an animal that was at the cusp of the fish-tetrapod transition.

这些化石，在北极加拿大Ellesmere海岛被发现，是在鱼向四足动物tetrapod转变的汇合点的动物的最引人注目的示例/。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐