化电流

The third approach is about the concept of an ITO direct Ohmic contact structure on GaP window layer. The direct Ohmic contact structure is performed by the deposition of an AuBe diffused thin layer and the following activation process on the surface of a Mg-doped GaP window layer. The presence of this thin AuBe diffused layer yields the Be dominant metallic surface layer and significantly reduces the barrier height between the ITO and p-GaP layer. Via the modification of contact structure, not only the brightness was significantly increased but the reliability was comparable to the conventional LED without this structure.

第三个研究为一种具有直接欧姆接触在p型磷化镓窗层与氧化铟锡界面的制程方法，於本研究中并无习知砷化镓欧姆接触层的存在，我们利用金/金铍金属藉由热退火程序，使其金铍原子在磷化镓窗层表面形成具金属特性之薄膜层，降低磷化镓与氧化铟锡接触产生之接面能障；另外，该元件在氧化铟锡直接欧姆接触於磷化镓窗层下，除亮度具明显提升外，在稍大电流(20毫安培)元件可靠度测试下，亦未有明显衰减情形发生。

The authors have established a control model adopting the feed forward of grid voltage and current tracking technology.

针对光伏阵列的特点，提出了基于并网电流的最大功率跟踪光伏阵列并网方案，采用电网电压前馈和电流跟踪技术，建立了相关的控制模型，实现了网侧电流正弦化和单位功率因数。

A novel compensating method is provided utilizing the stator currents decoupling and the linearization of the angle interval of current vectors.Based on the performance index of voltage utilization ratio, total harmonic distortion, switching loss and etc, various PWM methods have been introduced.

本文详细分析了逆变器输出的非线性特性及影响因素，重点对零电流夹断现象及其机理进行深入的研究，针对电流过零区间的非线性畸变提出了利用定子电流解耦以及电流矢量角度区间线性化的补偿方法。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

The current density peak of brass welded line appeared at -0.012 V, and a porous corrosion film was formed. The electrode was passivated subsequently. The passivation film was made up of Cu2O, CuCl and ZnO. The passivation film dissolved with electrode potential, and displacement deposition took place between Cu and Zn. The copper redeposition on the electrode surface induced the increase of electrode activity and corrosion rate.

黄铜焊缝在电位-0.012V时出现电流峰，腐蚀产物膜多孔、疏松，随后电极进入钝化区，钝化膜由Cu2O、CuCl和ZnO组成；随电位升高，钝化膜溶解，发生铜锌置换反应，沉积的Cu导致活性电对的形成，增加了合金的腐蚀速度；当电位为+0.87V时，电极表面富集了针状锡和锡的氧化物。

The characteristics of different types OCS were analyzed and research into polarized light system of OCS using Jones matrix method, then the mathematics model of OCS was set up at last.Full-fiber OCS with effective band of 300 MHz and correlative circuit has been developed. Double constructer was adopted to enhance the sensitivity of system.

分析了不同类型光纤电流传感器的特点，利用琼斯矩阵法对光纤电流传感器的偏振光系统进行研究，给出了不同状态偏振光的归一化琼斯矢量，对本文涉及的光学器件推导了相应的Jones矩阵，最终建立了光纤电流传感器的数学模型。

Then the properties of ERF which was doped by organical montmorillonite were studied. In addition, the apparatus for testing viscosity and observing polarization phenomenon were reformed.

本论文制备了SrTiO3/PMMA 复合粒子，研究了用有机化蒙脱土掺杂电流变体系的电流变性能，改制了电流变粘度测量仪和微观结构测量系统。

Pit corrosion is a main kind of localized corrosion. The process of forming pit corrosion includes three stages-formation of pit source, development of pit cave and forming occluded corrosion cell. Molybdate series inhibitors can be inhibitive, for it can control three stages of pit development. First, there is apparent synergistic effect between molybdate and phosphate, which can suppress formation of pit source. Second, there is apparent passivation of molybdate inhibitor according to electrochemistry analysis, which let oxidation film in unoccluded cave repassivate.

首先，钼酸盐与磷酸盐或硅酸盐复配的缓蚀剂具有较理想的缓蚀性能，并且有明显的协同作用，从而能抑制部分点蚀核的产生；其次，钼酸盐复配缓蚀剂的使用，从电化学的角度分析，具有明显的钝化性能，且钝化区间较宽、维钝电流密度较小，从而能使未封闭的蚀孔或点蚀核附近的氧化膜再钝化，得到有效的修复；最后，对于还有部分蚀孔发展成为闭塞腐蚀电池的情况，钼酸盐、磷酸盐能进入蚀孔内部并且在酸性条件下生成铁钼磷酸盐，从而有效地减缓了点蚀的恶化，抑制了腐蚀的发展。

E. thickness of the copper wire wall, length of the single conductor wire, height of the solenoid, the exciting current and the current density, the working temperature of the conductor, time of exciting and demagnetizing, the cooling water pressure and flux density, etc..

所建立的数学模型包含3个目标函数（即能耗极小化目标函数、铜耗极小化目标函数和纯铁用量极小化目标函数）、7个设计变量（即铜管规格参数a、b、t，线圈匝数N〓、N〓，铁铠磁通密度B〓和冷却水压p）和8类14个约束条件（即铜管壁厚、单饼导线长度、螺线管高度、激磁电流与电流密度、导体工作温度、激退磁时间，冷却水压和铁铠磁通密度等约束条件）。

The motive of this paper is to investigate the effect of processing parameters on the properties of silicon nitride and the coverage performance of insulator layer, and the effect of the film thickness of interface layer on the conduction current performance of thin film transistor.

本文旨在研究探索工艺参数对氮化硅薄膜的性能(如光禁带宽度、相对介电常数、折射率等)和钝化层氮化硅薄膜台阶覆盖性能的影响，以及栅界面层氮化硅薄膜厚度对薄膜晶体管导通电流性能的影响，制备性能优良的氮化硅薄膜。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。