化学过程

Studying the chemical balance,energy balance and material balance in the gasification process and probing into the interaction in the gasification process and law of changing offer a theoretical foundation for gasification control. Through the materialization nature of coal, the gasification characteristics of the deoxidize zone are mainly studied (the dynamics characteristics and chemical characteristics). Probing into coz deoxidize mechanism ?establishes the theoretical foundation for the proposition of mark gas;the Principle to adjust and control temperature and applying methods is studied;the physical and mathematical models of underground gasification are set up;A temperature field in the district of gasification is set up and the instance analysis of computer analogue simulation machine has been carried out.

本文通过探讨"三带"基本特征，进而对煤炭地下气化的过程稳定进行研究；研究气化过程中的化学平衡、能量平衡及物料平衡，探讨气化过程中各组分之间的相互关系及变化规律，为气化调控提供理论依据；通过煤炭的物化性质，重点研究还原带的气化特征，分析探讨还原机理，为标志气体的提出奠定理论基础；研究以标志气体为核心的调控升温气化原理及实施方法；建立地下气化的物理模型与数学模型；建立气化盘区温度场，并进行计算机模拟仿真的实例分析。

Esterification process of a reversible step wereresolved as two irreversible steps,then chemical decomposition of wood components weredecreased in liquid acid catalyst.Experiments showed that crosslinking catalysts took catalysisrole on two process in the esterification,(1)five cyclic anhydrides formed by dehydration ofpolycarboxylic acids,(2)esters occurred by substitution between five cyclic anhydrides andwood.

实验中的反应过程使一般的酯化一步可逆反应，分解为两步不可逆反应，减少了液相酸催化过程的木材组分化学降解；交联反应催化剂对于多元羧酸类化合物与木材组分的酯化反应具有两个过程的催化作用：(1)多元羧酸脱水形成五元环酸酐中间体；(2)木材与五元酸酐中间体亲核取代反应形成酯。

The concentrations of CODcr and NH4+ vary from low to high, then from high to low in the process of refuse leaching, that is to say that there are three phases which are aerobian decomposition, facultative aerobian and anaerobian decomposition;(3)The time of landfill reaching to stabilize under the condition of filtration, for landfill of Jinqianpu, is at least 86 years if CODcr is regarded as a index; but is about 98 years when NH4+ as an index;(4)The column leaching experiment simulated is carried on interactivity between leachate and different lithologic characters, water-bearing media of different thickness. Some parameters can be determined by calculation, such as, the retained factor and hydro-chemical transportation rate of pollutants in suspended media, which quantitatively analyse the suspended soil capability of components purification and the pollution scope of water bearing media.

垃圾淋滤过程中和经历了一个由低到高、再由高到低的过程，即垃圾填埋过程中经历了好氧分解、兼性好氧分解及完全厌氧分解等三个阶段；（3）垃圾组分在淋滤条件下分解达到稳定的时间，对于金钱堡垃圾填埋场，若以作为考核指标，填埋场达到稳定化时间至少需要86年；若以作为考核指标，则填埋场达到稳定化至少需98年的时间；（4）对垃圾浸泡液与不同岩性、不同厚度含水层介质之间的作用进行了土柱淋滤模拟试验，通过计算污染质在包气带介质中运移的阻滞因子和水化学迁移率等参数，定量地描述了包气带土层对污染质的净化能力和污染范围。

In bioreaction engineering teaching,we put emphasis on theoretical treatment,stressing the creation and cultivation of scientific mode of thinking.The study enthusiasm and desire to participate of students were improved by using interactive teaching.Some numerical methods were supplemented to eliminate the fear of students to some complicated mathematical problems.

生化反应工程是生物工程专业的主干课，是以生化反应动力学为基础，综合运用传递过程原理、设备工程学、过程动态学及最优化原理等化学工程学的方法，进行生化反应过程的工程分析与开发，以及生化反应器设计、放大、操作和控制的一门学科[。1]因此，生化反应工程是化学反应工程的一个分支，是当前反应工程研究的前沿领域。

Using cytohischemical staining methods, with the results of comparison the dynamics of proteins and polysaccharides in the anthe wall cells and colule cells of different developmental phases in female and male flowers, the anormogenesis of anther tapetum in the inflecting phase of from bisexual flower to unisexual flower was observed. In microspore developed phase, the tapetum functions of preserving and transportingmutritive material for microspore development and of secreting callosal enzyme for decompositing callosal cell lost no normal guadrant formed, of being abnormal meiose of pollen mother cells, and then, the stamen aborted selectively in female flowers and pistil in male flower.

利用细胞组织化学染色技术，对雌、雄花雄蕊花药壁细胞及花药内细胞发育过程中多糖及蛋白质动态进行了比较，实验中观察到雌花在从两性至单性花转变时期雄蕊绒毡层在整个发育过程中表现异常，在小孢子发育过程中未能起到贮藏、转运营养物质供小孢子发育及适时分泌胼胝质酶溶解胼胝质壁的功能，并且花粉母细胞减数分裂异常而未形成四分体结构，进而导致雌花雄蕊选择性败育，而雄花中雌蕊组织也发生了选择性败育过程。

This paper, aimed at the problem of drying aluminum fluoride trihydrate, studied the most possible binding format of crystal water, and hereby deduced the process of crystal water dehydration.

本论文针对三水氟化铝的干燥脱水问题，应用晶体结构理论、价键理论以及各种相关化学原理推测了三水氟化铝可能的结晶水结合形式，并据此推断了其结晶水的脱除过程：对氟化铝干燥特性进行了实验研究，研究了温度和升温速率对氟化铝干燥效果的影响：采用非等温TG-DTG法，对三水氟化铝进行了热分解行为和热分解动力学分析，进一步验证了三水氟化铝的脱水过程，并得出了其脱水和水解过程的动力学参数及方程。

The has been studied. Radix isatidis, a Chinese medicinal preparation used commonly , effectively in clinical and unclarified in active substance, was chosen as a model to be studied. Based on the concept of production quality control, considering the features of TCM itself, the process of TCM preparation, especially the heating process has been studied. The physico-chemical properties assay, chemical analysis and bioassay, also the bio-thermal activity had been applied in this study.

根据药物生产质量控制理念，结合中药的特点，本文选取临床常用、疗效确切但药效物质基础不清的板蓝根为研究载体，以中药制剂过程单元操作特别是加热过程质量控制为主要着力点和切入点，在常规理化检测和化学组分分析的基础上，引入生物活性检测，探索建立基于理化—生物关联检测的中药生产过程质量控制模式和方法，以期为中药生产中原料药、半成品和成品实现全程质量控制提供技术支持。

Experiment results show as follows in the processing of semiconductor etching, chemical heat centers in the semiconductor material, and is convected gradiently in all directions; the vertical heat convection velocity is obviously swifter than the horizontal; the process of heat convection can be real- timely recorded, and the heat convection situation can be gotten in any small area at any time by infrared camera which makes the analyse and understanding of heat convection characteristic in the processing of wet etching more intuitionistic.

实验结果表明：在半导体腐蚀过程中，化学热以半导体材料为中心，向四周梯度状对流；向上的热对流速率明显大于水平的热对流速率；红外热像仪可以实时纪录热对流过程，并获得任意时刻、任意小区域的热对流情况，使得对湿法腐蚀过程中热对流特性的分析和理解更加直观。

The experiments were carried out chemically pure ZnO and reducing agent CO to study the reduction mechanism of the process. And this reduction is important in other metallurgical processes.

为探索其还原过程的规律，首先采用化学纯ZnO进行CO还原实验，研究还原过程的有关规律，这一还原反应也是其它冶金过程中常见的和十分重要的反应。

According to chemical reaction in forming elastic grinding material this paper analyzes and discusses chemical balance in controlling the reaction and proposes prescription testing method and technology process in forming material.

基于弹性磨具材料生成过程的化学反应，分析讨论了控制反应过程的化学平衡问题，根据实验提出了弹性磨具材料配方试验的基本方法和生产工艺过程。

I will endeavour to find you some assistance.

我尽力帮你找人帮忙。

At first I only know bruck is the idol of American younglings, afterwards I returned back to Taiwan ,even in Beijing last year ,I saw her poster everywhere, I was so surprised at her charm.

起初我只晓得布鲁克雷德丝是美国少男少女崇拜的偶像，后来回台湾，甚至去年在北京，居然也四处看见她的海报，才惊讶她的魅力之大。