化学结合

The results indicated that the high level density functional theory calculations can be used to predict the 13C chemical shifts of the modified nanotubes. The calculated results also provided the characteristic chemical shifts values of nitrene (superscript -), carbene (superscript -) and 1,2- and 1, 4-fluorinated nanotubes, which would be helpful for experimental spectrogram assignments. Combined with NMR experiments, these predicted characteristic chemical shifts can be further used to monitor the addition mechanism and the extent of surface modifications on nanotubes.

研究表明高精度的密度泛函理论计算能够用来预测纳米管的13C化学位移，理论研究的结果揭示了氮烯、卡宾以及1，2和1，4氟化的单壁纳米管的若干13C信号特征化学位移值，为实验NMR谱图的归属提供了一定的依据，并且可通过与实验相结合来监测表面官能化碳纳米管加成反应是否发生以及确认其加成方式。

Using the accident mechanism of the risk management system, the essence of the energy transfer gradually, combining that the chemical equation can explain the occurrence of chemical reaction process,Chemical equation can explain the mechanism of a safety management system.

利用事故发生机理——管理系统的危险能量逐级传递的本质，与化学表达式能够准确形象的表达化学反应过程的特性相结合，用化学表达式解释安全管理系统事故的发生机理。

In this thesis, the mechanismof action of using the chemical uncoupler reducing the excess sludge productionare discussed, several common chemical uncoupler and their effectiveness areintroduced, the potential problem of using the chemical uncoupler reducing theexcess sludge production and the further research direction are put forward.

本文阐述了用化学解偶联剂减少剩余污泥产量的作用机理；结合国内外研究现状，分别介绍了几种常用的化学解偶联剂及其作用效果；并提出了在活性污泥工艺中加入化学解偶联剂存在的问题以及将来的研究方向。

Based on the related researches in China and other countries,this paper summarized the impacts of deicing chemicals on soil, surface water, ground water, plants and animals, etc., and put forward some suggestions for the further research in this field to provide a scientific basis for the pollution prevention of deicing chemicals on urban environment and related ecosystems.

本文结合近年来中国和其他国家有关化学融雪剂对生态环境影响的研究进展，阐述了化学融雪剂对土壤环境、地表水、地下水、植物和动物等的影响，并提出了今后该领域的研究建议，以期为化学融雪剂对城市环境污染和生态影响的防治技术研究提供科学依据。

Based on the related researches in China and other countries, this paper summarized the impacts of deicing chemicals on soil, surface water, ground water, plants and animals, etc. and put forward some suggestions for the further search in this field to provide a scientific basis for the pollution prevention of deicing chemicals on urban environment and related ecosystems.

本文结合近年来中国和其他国家有关化学融雪剂对生态环境影响的研究进展，阐述了化学融雪剂对土壤环境、地表水、地下水、植物和动物等的影响，并提出了今后该领域的研究建议，以期为化学融雪剂对城市环境污染和生态影响的防治技术研究提供科学依据。

Based on international front and hotspot in atmospheric chemistry and aerosol study, considering domestic characteristics of atmospheric pollution, the laboratory has included main research areas below: atmospheric chemical reaction, aerosol chemistry, photochemical pollution, acid deposition chemistry, atmospheric brown cloud, emission characteristics and emission factors of PM and VOCs emitted from various sources, indoor air pollution and its control techniques, health effect of particulate matters, and so on.

研究室的主要研究方向始终瞄准国际大气化学和气溶胶研究和发展的前沿和热点，结合中国大气污染的自身特点，在大气化学反应、气溶胶化学、光化学污染、酸沉降化学、大气棕色云、各种污染源颗粒物和 VOCs 的排放特征和排放因子、室内空气污染及其控制、大气污染的人体健康效应等方面进行实验研究，在上述各方面得出具有国际先进水平的研究成果，建立国内领先和国际先进的学术研究和实验科学体系，确保研究室的学术地位和知名度，与国外相关的研究机构保持同步的发展态势并建立平等的交流机制。

The writer carries on the related theories of the problem situation to study the big case foundation well up, with the situation cognizes and studies a class of theories for leading, and have three stages to launch to practical research; The first, the research into big case strategy of problem situation and the process of tiding up some materials in the chemistry teaching.

笔者在对问题情境的相关理论进行研究的基础上，以情境认知与学习理论为指导，分三个阶段展开实践研究：第一，化学教学中问题情境创设的策略研究和案例素材的整理加工，包括结合生活、生产和当前科学技术发展中的实际问题创设问题情境，从化学实验入手创设问题情境，利用化学史料创设问题情境，利用学生已有知识创设问题情境或引起学生的认知冲突等。

The current research begins with the developing research of the teaching skills presented by the initial chemistry teachers(beginning chemistry teachers and quasi teachers ), then on the based of the literature researching, according to the produces of microteaching skills and the characteristic of chemistry discipline combined the new requirements for teaching skills of teacher under the new curriculum ideas.

本研究以新手型化学教师的教学技能发展现状为切入点，在对文献进行梳理的基础上，依据课堂教学环节的一般程序和化学学科的特点、结合新课程理念下对化学教师教学技能提出的新要求，提出了所要研究的具体教学技能。

We stick to combination between qualitative estimation and quantify estimation. We stick to combination between students" self-estimation and other people"s estimation. We try to make estimation transverse the whole process of the study of school-based curriculum.

课程评价是课程编制的一个重要环节，在校本课程《化学与生活》中我们倡导评价目标的多元化和评价方式的多样化，坚持终结性评价和过程评价相结合、定性评价与定量评价相结合、学生自评互评与他人评价相结合，努力将评价贯穿于校本课程学习的全过程。

Molecularly imprinted technology is a rising cross-link technology on biochemistry, structure chemistry, material chemistry.

分子印迹技术是利用受体-抗体作用机理，结合生物化学、结构化学、材料化学等学科发展起来的新兴交叉学科。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。