化学

Based on principles of molecular graph theory, LNSCS can notate structures by use of a very few and natural rules and very easily be used by chemists.

化学知识绝大部分包含有化学结构信息，然而普通的化学结构式计算机是很难理解的，用户无法直接在键盘上输入。

Resistance pure water system, 3-waste treatment system, and shock-proof working-table, and about 80 sets of micro-electrical-mechanical technical equipment are installed, including AMS200 ICP plasma etching system, ICP-2B etching machine, AWB04 bonding machine, MA6/BA6 Karlsus double-face photolithography machine/bonding machine, POLI-400 chemical-mechanical-polishing tool, WL2040 aluminum-wire press welder, OPTI CAOT 22i decktop precision spin coasting system, ZSH406 automatic dicing saw system, DQ-500 plasma photoresist-removing machine, HXS150S automatic centrifugal spinner, AXTRON MOCVD metal organic chemical vapor deposit system, 4470 micro-control 4-tube diffusing furnace, type 4371 LPCVD low pressure chemical vapor deposit system, OMICRON MBE molecular beam epitaxy system, JS-3X100B magnet-control spattering equipment, PECVD-2E plasma deposit apparatus, ZZSX500C electron-beam vapor equipment, JC500-3/D magnet-control spattering-coating machine, H63-14/ZM quartz-tube cleaning machine. Measurement instruments include OLS1100 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope, DEKTAKIII Surface Profiler, D41-11A/ZN 4-probe resistance test instrument, Nikon L150 metallurgical microscope, and so on.

中心现有80多台各种微机电工艺设备，如AMS 200深硅等离子体刻蚀系统、ICP-2B刻蚀机、AWB04键合机、MA6/BA6 Karlsuss双面光刻机和键合机、POLI-400化学机械抛光机、WL2040铝丝压焊机、OPTI CAOT 22i喷涂胶机系统、ZSH406全自动划片机、DQ-500等离子去胶机、全自动清洗甩干机、AXTRON MOCVD金属有机物化学气相沉积系统、4470微控四管扩散炉、4371LPCVD低压化学沉积系统、OMICRON分子束外延系统、JS-3X100B磁控溅射台、PECVD-2E等离子淀积台、ZZSX500C电子束蒸发台、JC500-3/D磁控溅射镀膜机、石英管清洗机，以及多种常用测试仪器，如OLS1100激光共聚焦显微镜、DEKTAK-III台阶测量仪、D41-11A/ZN四探针电阻测试仪、Nikon L150金相显微镜等。

This paper reports a new GPU cluster system to meet the challenge of computing the protein molecular field by approaches of quantum chemistry. This system uses MPI parallel programming environment to link all nodes of the cluster, adopts OpenMP (open multi-processing) as a multi-core CPU programming environment and CUDA as a GPU programming environment.

针对生物化学计算中采用量子化学理论计算蛋白质分子场所带来的巨大计算量的问题，搭建起一个GPU集群系统，用来加速计算基于量子化学的蛋白质分子场。

This paper reports a new GPU cluster system to meet the challenge of computing the protein molecular field by approaches of quantum chemistry. This system uses MPI parallel programming environment to link all nodes of the cluster, adopts Open MP (open multi-processing) as a multi-core CPU programming environment and CUDA as a GPU programming environment.

针对生物化学计算中采用量子化学理论计算蛋白质分子场所带来的巨大计算量的问题，搭建起一个GPU集群系统，用来加速计算基于量子化学的蛋白质分子场。

Firstly, we used the Raman scattering method which can calibrate in real time to measure the O2 (a1 Δ) yield of SOG for the first time in China. The measurement relative error is less than 8%. Based on the data from the experiments, we report the results that the diluent category and ratios influence the O2 (a1 Δ) yield. The relationship of P-τ values and the O2 (a1 Δ) yield of this SOG were given. The effects of distance and bypass of gas transportation on the O2 (a1 Δ) yield are investigated. Secondly, the chlorine utilization was measured by using Raman spectroscopy simultaneously when the O2 (a1 Δ) yield was measured. This method originated with us. The result about the chlorine utilization is coincident with other theoretic and experimental conclusions. The relationship given in this paper between gas stay time in SOG and chlorine utilization offers reference to improve the reaction efficiency and chemical efficiency of COIL. Finally, the partial water vapor pressure at the exit of SOG was measured by absorption spectroscopy. The water vapor fraction and partial pressure have trends changed with the generator total pressure, the diluentratios, and the BHP temperature. These experimental results are very important to improve experimental conditions of SOG, reduce the water vapor fraction, and enhance the output power of COIL.

由侧得的数据得到了加入稀释气体、稀释气体种类以及稀释比例对单重态氧产率的影响，给出了该发生器P一：值与仇产率的关系，还考察了传输距离对仇产率的影响；在国际上首创利用喇曼散射光谱法在侧量产率的同时进行了氯气利用率的检侧，侧试结果与其他理论及实验结果十分相近；给出了气体在发生器中的滞留时间与氯气利用率之间的关系，该结果为提高氧碘化学激光器的反应效率和化学效率提供了参考依据；另外采用了吸收光谱法对发生器出口处的水汽含量进行了测量、得到了水汽分压和百分含量随着发生器压力、稀释气体比例以及BHP温度等的变化情况，该实验结果对于改进发生器工作条件、减少水汽含量、提高氧碘化学激光器的出光功率具有十分重要的指导意义。

The study of the course can make students to understand and grasp the basic theories about periodic law of elements, modern mass structure theory, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, four kinds of equilibriums of acid-base, oxidation-reduction, precipitation- dissolution and coordination and so on. It can also help students grasp basic chemical experimental skills. It has being tried to cultivate students with correct methods of study and research, with favorable innovation consciousness and with scientific character. And it has being expected to greatly improve students' abilities of analyzing and resolving questions.

通过本课程的学习，使学生理解并掌握元素周期律、近代物质结构理论、化学热力学、化学动力学、溶液中的酸碱平衡、氧化还原平衡、沉淀平衡和配位平衡等基本理论并掌握基本的化学实验技能；培养学生正确的学习和研究方法、良好的创新意识和科学品质，训练学生分析、解决问题的能力。

The School of Biology and Biochemistry is primarily dedicated to teaching and research in biology and biochemistry including peptide and protein chemistry, nucleic acid radiation chemistry, parasitology, neuroscience, plant and fungal physiology, marine and coastal studies, ecology and behaviour, experimental phycology, fish genetics, molecular virology, cell genetics and microbiological transformation.

该学院主要致力于生物学与生物化学的教学与研究，其学科领域包？？？肽类和蛋白质化学、核酸放射化学、寄生虫学、神经科学、植物和真菌生理学、海洋和海岸研究、生态？？？和？？？？？为学、实验藻类学、细胞遗传学与微生物转化。

Instead of a nationwide requirement that premedical undergraduates take specific chemistry classes, for example, a required competency might be described as being "able to apply knowledge of the chemistry of carbon compounds to biochemical reactions."

与让预科医学生学习详细具体的化学课程这一全国性要求相反的是，医学生所要求知道的化学知识可以被描述为"能够运用碳化合物化学知识到生化反应。"

For the long SRT in system, lower sludge activity had good substrate reverse and staged characters, which thus made the ERP-SBR system has good ability to resist the impact of the load.

试验发现，按照ERP-SBR方式运行可以大大减小化学除磷池的规模，而且石灰总耗量仅为城市污水后置沉淀系统的4.5%～9%，产生化学污泥含磷率为17%，相当于含73～83%磷酸盐，使化学沉积物具有较明显的回收价值。

Schorl in the granite and dravite in carbonatite are respectively related to the magmatic fluid and basin fluid, while the tourmaline with optical and chemical zones in vein ore is mainly due to the mix of post-magmatic hydrothermal solution and basin fluid; The chemical composition variety of garnet in the horizontal zones are mainly related to the post-magmatic hydrothermal solution and the accessorial fluid from sedimentary basin.

不同产状的电气石及其环带状结构分别与来自岩浆期后热液和盆地流体及其混合所产生的"化学振荡"作用有关；在夕卡岩水平分带中，石榴石化学成分的变化除与岩浆热液在演化过程中自身的物理-化学条件发生变化外，可能还与岩浆热液在对围岩进行渗滤交代的过程中有盆地流体的加入有关。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。