化合物

As investigated, the shape of the fruit was mainly rotundity, and the color of the fruit were red, black, yellow, mauve. Variation coefficient of mineral elements, which revealed wider variation range and rich genetic diversity. Among them, Fe, the content and the variation coefficient of which was the highest(2.12 mg·100g-1 and 26.99％), it has large potential for futher selection. Ripe fruit of 12 wild myrobalan plum seedlings were analyzed using head space-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed considerable genetic variations in these aspects: The total content of volatile components, the classes and contents of each compounds classes, the segregation ratio, and content of main components. There were 83 compounds in total belonging to 6 classes detected in 12 wild myrobalan plum seedlings, including esters, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, heterocycle and Hydrocarbons. Among them, Formic acid, hexyl ester, the content of which was the highest(4.33 μg·g-1),was important character impact odors.

结果表明，①新疆野生樱桃李实生株系的果实形状主要为圆形，少数为椭圆形、卵圆形、卵形和宽卵形，果实颜色有黄色、红色、紫红色和黑色等4种类型，野生樱桃李果实纵径、横径、单果重、果形指数以及可溶性固形物含量均存在一定程度的变异，遗传多样性较为丰富，其中以单果重的变异系数最大(9.13 %)；②新疆野生樱桃李实生株系果肉组织的Zn、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe及Cu等6种矿质元素含量变异丰富，其中以Fe元素的含量（平均值为2.12 mg·100g-1）和变异系数（26.99％）最高，进一步筛选高铁性状单株的潜力很大；③从新疆野生樱桃李12个实生株系中共鉴定出醇类、醛类、酯类、酮类、烃类及杂环类等6类83种挥发性化合物，各实生株系挥发性化合物总含量、挥发性化合物种类及其含量以及主要挥发性化合物分离比率与含量等存在广泛的遗传变异，遗传多样性较为丰富，其中以甲酸己酯含量最高（平均值为4.33 μg·g-1），是野生樱桃李果实香气形成的重要特征性化合物。

Because of the nondirectional property of ionic bond and the fully delocalized property of pi electrons on carbon layers, translation will not change the electronic structure of carbon layers, resulting in that A-GIC and AE-GIC hare quite good lubrication as well. The electrons come from metals mainly transfer to the delocalized pi orbitals of carbon layers, and the increase of delocalized electrons will make metal graphite intercalation compound more electro-conductive than graphite itself. Because ionic bond between metals and carbon layers is weaker and its lattice energy is much less than that of typical NaCl crystal, so metals could be left from interlayers. The Mulliken populations of C-C in intercalation compounds are smaller than that of graphite, and the HOMO energy level of GIC is higher than that of graphite too. These Lead to that GIC will easier be oxidized.

由于离子键没有方向性，又由于碳层中的π电子是充分离域的，所以碳层不会由于平移而改变其电子结构，金属石墨层间化合物仍具有很好的润滑性；金属失去的电子主要转移到碳层的离域π轨道中，碳层离域电子增多使金属石墨层间化合物的导电性比石墨增强；金属与碳层间的离子键强度比较弱，其晶格能远小于典型的离子晶体，因而金属易从石墨层中脱出；金属石墨层间化合物中的C-C间Mulliken布居值小于石墨中C-C间的值，且金属石墨层间化合物的HOMO能级也高于石墨的HOMO能级，所以石墨层间化合物中的碳原子较石墨更易被氧化。

The rules of photo bioactivities are: Without illumination, the tested xanthene derivatives showed almost the same level of inherent toxicity to the same organism, which showed the inherent toxicity of xanthene derivatives were primarily dependent on the structure of parent molecule. Upon illumination, the photosensitizers showed obvious phototoxicity to all organisms. The xanthene derivatives showed stronger phototoxicity to Gram-positive bacteria. With the increasing number of halogen substituents, the singlet oxygen yields increased and the phototoxic activity increased too.

呫吨类化合物的生物活性的变化规律为：未经光照的条件下，呫吨类化合物的对同种待测微生物的固有生物活性基本相同，说明固有毒性可能主要决定于化合物分子的母核结构，其卤素取代基团对其影响较小；经实验光源照射下，所测MLC值明显低于未经光照条件下的值，表明呫吨类化合物对三种微生物的光敏活性明显强于对其相应的固有活性；呫吨类化合物对革兰氏阳性菌能发挥较大的光敏活性。

Preliminary bioassays indicated that many title compounds exhibited excellent fungicidal, or insecticidal and acaricidal activities. The strobilurin derivatives containing substituted pyrimide ring have lower biological activity than the strobilurin derivatives containing substituted pyrazole ring which exhibited good fungicidal activity against RB (0.92 mg/L), TLB (0.3 mg/L), CDM (12.5 mg/L) and WPM (1.56 mg/L).

初步生物活性测定结果表明，新型Strobilurin类化合物中多个化合物具有较好的杀菌或杀虫杀螨活性，其中吡唑类化合物要明显优于嘧啶类化合物，吡唑类化合物在低浓度下对水稻稻瘟病菌(0.92 mg/L)、番茄晚疫病菌(0.3 mg/L)、黄瓜霜霉病(12.5 mg/L)和小麦白粉病(1.56 mg/L)仍具有很好的杀菌活性。

Preliminary bioassays indicated that many title compounds exhibited excellent fungicidal, or insecticidal and acaricidal activities. The strobilurin derivatives containing substituted pyrimide ring have lower biological activity than the strobilurin derivatives containing substituted pyrazole ring which exhibited good fungicidal activity against RB (0.92 mg/L), TLB (0.3 mg/L), CDM (12.5 mg/L) and WPM (1.56 mg/L).

初步生物活性测定结果表明，新型Strobilurin类化合物中多个化合物具有较好的杀菌或杀虫杀加热管螨活性，其中吡唑类化合物要明显优于嘧啶类化合物，吡唑类化合物在低浓加热管度下对水稻稻瘟病菌(0.92 mg/L)、番茄晚疫病菌(0.3 mg/L)、黄瓜霜霉病(12.5 mg/L)和小加热管麦白粉病(1.56 mg/L)仍具有很好的杀菌活性。

The general formulas of these compounds are as follows:The strobilurin derivatives were synthesized from substitutedβ-keto esters (2) as starting material which were prepared from substituted ketones (1) and dimethyl carbonate. The ester (2) and methyl hydrazine or substituted amidine were dissolved in methanol and the mixture was heated to reflux to obtain the substituted 5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole (3) or 4-hydroxy-pyrimidine (4). The title compounds were prepared by reacting the intermediates (3 and 4) with substituted halomethylphenyls which contain four active group under basic conditions.

本论文所合成的strobilurin化合物均是以β-酮酸酯类化合物(2)为起始原料合成的，该中间体(2)是由酮类化合物(1)与碳酸二甲酯在碱性条件下反应生成的，中间体(2)与甲基肼或取代脒类化合物在甲醇中回流制得取代的1H-5-羟基吡唑(3)或4-羟基嘧啶(4)，中间体(3和4)再与包含四种活性基的苄卤中间体在碱性条件下制得目标化合物。

The genera formulas of these compounds are as follows:The strobilurin derivatives were synthesized from substitutedβ-keto esters (2) as starting material which were prepared from substituted ketones (1) and dimethyl carbonate. The ester (2) and methyl hydrazine or substituted amidine were dissolved in methanol and the mixture was heated to reflux to obtain the substituted 5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole (3) or 4-hydroxy-pyrimidine (4). The title compounds were prepared by reacting the intermediates (3 and 4) with substituted halomethylphenyls which contain four active group under basic conditions.

本论文所合成的strobilurin化合物均是以β-酮酸酯类化合物(2)为起始原料合成的，该中间体(2)是由酮类化合物(1)与碳酸二甲酯在碱性条件下反应生成的，中间体(2)与甲基肼或取代脒类化合物在甲醇中回流制得取代的1H-5-羟基吡唑(3)或4-羟基嘧啶(4)，中间体(3和4)再与包含四种活性基的苄卤中间体在碱性条件下制得目标化合物。

Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones(1) were conveniently synthesized from anthranilic acids and amidines,which could be chloridized with POCl_3 to obtain 4-chloroquinazolines (2).The reaction of 2 and 1H-pyrazol-3-amine would give two types of products.In the presence of acid or base,the C-N bond would be formed between the 4-position carbon of 2 and the NH_2 of 1H-pyrazol-3-amine.While the C-N bond between the 4-position carbon of 2 and the NH of 1H-pyrazol-3-amine would be formed when Pd catalyst was utilized.

以邻氨基苯甲酸类化合物和脒为原料，可方便地获得喹唑啉-4(3H)-酮类产物(1)，1经POCl_3氯化可到4-氯代喹唑啉化合物(2)。2与3-氨基-1H-吡唑化合物反应可得到两种类型的产物，在酸、碱条件下2的4位碳和3-氨基-1H-吡唑化合物的NH_2发生C-N成键反应；在Pd催化条件下，2的4位碳则和3-氨基-1H-吡唑化合物的环内NH发生C-N成键反应。

This thesis includes five parts as follows.1. The backgrounds and some relative concepts of this work are briefly introduced. The photochemistry of benzamides and compounds with thiourea functional group is also concisely reviewed.2. Total of fourteen benzamides with different substituted groups have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Better photoreaction time for that kind of compounds at given concentrations is confirmed by tracking its'UV spectrum and GC chromatogram. A representative dibenzophenone photoproduct has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The mechanisms of photoreaction of benzamide have been proposed.3. Total of seven N-chloro(phenylmethylenebenzenamines with different substituted groups and sixty-one thiourea derivatives have been synthesized and structurally characterized.

论文的主要内容如下：1、简要介绍本论文工作的研究背景，并对苯甲酰胺和具有硫脲官能团类化合物的光化学研究进展进行简要的总结。2、合成与表征了14个具有不同取代基的苯甲酰胺类化合物，利用紫外光谱和气相色谱确定了此类化合物较佳光照时间，测定了一个具有代表性光解产物的单晶结构，提出了苯甲酰胺类化合物的光反应机理。3、合成与表征了7个带有不同取代基的氯代苯甲酰亚胺中间体及61个硫脲衍生物，测定了两个具有代表性化合物的单晶结构。

In the forth chapter, the mechanism of pyrimidine benzylamine compounds is studied by the conventional bioassay and biochemical methods based on probe compound 104-4. The results presented here indicated that the addition of 5 mg/L of 3 branched-amino acids to sorghum seedling cultures incubated in the presence of 104-4 completely alleviated herbicide-induced stem growth inhibition, but each of Val, Ile and Leu single is only partly effective in reversing 104-4-induced growth inhibition at the same concentrations.

通过先导结构优化策略的实施，筛选出15个高除草活性的4，6-二甲氧基-2-取代嘧啶苄胺类候选化合物，在此基础上，对一些候选化合物进行作物安全性评价试验，实验结果提示化合物103-1和化合物105-3在低剂量下对某些作物有良好的选择性，可作为优选化合物进入田间小区试验。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了