化

Implications for, or parallels with, other kinds (e.g. cultural)'creolization'. Linguistic creolization and/vs. cultural creolization.

其他克理奥尔化的含意或相比：语言上的克理奥尔化和／相对文化上的克理奥尔化。

Implications for, or parallels with, other kinds (e.g., cultural)'creolization'. Linguistic creolization and/vs. cultural creolization. Mintz.

其他克理奥尔化的含意或相比：语言上的克理奥尔化和／相对文化上的克理奥尔化。

Firstly, 3-ethylthiobutanal was prepared from crotonaldehyde reacting with ethanehiol in triethylamine with high yield. Secondly, methyl acetoacetate was converted to 6-ethylthiohept-3-en-2-one by three steps via hydrolysis, condensation with 3-ethyltio-butanal and dehydration, then 6-ethylthiohept-3-en-2-one was cycloco ndensed with dimethyl malonate by Michael addition and Claisen condensation, followed by saponification and decarboxylation to give the intermediate of 5-(2-ethylthiopropyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-dione.

首先，以巴豆醛与乙硫醇为原料，在三乙胺的催化作用下高收率制得3-乙硫基丁醛；然后从乙酰乙酸甲酯出发，通过碱水解、与3-乙硫基丁醛缩合、脱水三步反应合成6-乙硫基-3-烯-2-庚酮，接着6-乙硫基-3-烯-2-庚酮与丙二酸二甲酯通过Michael加成和Claisen缩合成环，再通过皂化和脱羧反应生成中间体5-[2-丙基]-1，3-环己二酮；再与丙酸酐反应丙酰化，最后与0-3-氯-2-丙烯基羟胺肟化，得到目标化合物烯草酮。

Butadiene was polymerized to some extent in the presence of binary catalyst system NdCl33iPrOHAlEt3 in toluene and the allylchloride was then added to the solution in order to cyclize the formed polybutadiene and cyclopolymerize the unreacted butadiene monomers.

采用NdCl3·3i－PrOH－AlEt3稀土催化剂进行丁二烯的顺式聚合，在聚合过程中引入烯丙基氯，进行分子内环化反应以及单体的环聚反应。考察了稀土催化剂用量、n／n（AlEt3）、环化时间、反应温度、单体浓度等对环化反应的影响，并对产物进行了红外光谱、核磁共振光谱的表

In this thesis, we did modifications of alkyl groups upon benzyl fluorophosphonate. In order to study the influence of alkyl length and steric effect on activity and selectivity of probes, we synthesized benzyl fluorophosphonate recognition heads with modifications including ethyl, butyl, octyl and cyclohexyl. By way of connecting different kinds of tag like azido group, biotin and rhodamine with recognition heads separately through a higher hydrophilic ethylene glycol derived linker, a series of benzyl fluorophosphonate probes were made up. And they will apply to various biological testing strategies.

在本论文中，我们以苯甲基氟化磷酸酯为基础，於其上进行一系列烷基之修饰，为了探讨烷基长度与空间立体性质对於探针活性及选择性的影响，我们合成了包含乙烷基、丁烷基、辛烷基以及环己烷基修饰的苯甲基氟化磷酸酯辨识端，并藉由具较高亲水性的聚乙二醇衍生连接桥结合三种不同的发报端，分别有叠氮基团、生物素及萤光基团来构成不同的化学探针组合，这一系列苯甲基氟化磷酸酯类化学探针将可被应用於不同的生物测试策略。

Compared with the double bond of cyclopentene ring, the double bond of the norbornene ring has much more lower activation energy in the hydrogenation and the main intermediate product is 14,15-DHTCPD.

非晶态合金催化剂晶化过程的原位分析结果表明，在热处理温度低于150°C条件下其结构基本保持稳定，而高于450°C条件下热处理后晶化度大于90%，600°C以上热处理后完全晶化。

Results The DNA was obtained from PPJ through a nasopancreatic tube. Aberrant p16 methylation and K- ras gene mutation were detected in the same samples of PPJ. Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive values,negative predictive values and accuracy of HE staining for pancreatic cancer were 40%,100%,100%,45.4% and 60.0%,respectively. Of the 20 cases of pancreatic cancer,K- ras gene mutation was detected in 14 (70%) and the p16 gene was shown to be methylated in 7 (35%). Of the 8 cases of chronic pancreatitis,K-ras gene mutation was detected in 2 (25%). Of the 2 cases of mucinous cystoadenoma of pancreas,K-ras gene mutation was detected in 1 (50%). Aberrant methylation of p16 was not detected in pancreatic juice samples from patients with chronic pancreatitis and mucinous cystoadenoma of pancreas.

结果 所有胰液标本均成功抽提出DNA，30例胰腺疾病病人胰液标本同时进行了K-ras基因突变和p16基因启动子区5′CpG岛甲基化检测，其中20例胰腺癌病人胰液中K-ras基因突变率为70%（14/20），p16基因甲基化率为35%（7/20），8例慢性胰腺炎中K-ras基因突变率为25%（2/8），2例胰腺囊腺瘤病人中K-ras基因突变率为50%（1/2），慢性胰腺炎和胰腺囊腺瘤病人胰液中无p16基因甲基化。

The research was focused on application of well-developed metal damascene to copper microfabrication on GaAs and InP substrates and also verification of feasibility.

本研究将使用在矽制程上已相当成熟的金属镶嵌技术运用於砷化镓及磷化铟基材之铜金属化制程中，验证其可行性。

In the former representation, if no restrictions are imposed on formulas, then there is no algorithm to realize the reasoning in the resulted knowledge base; in the latter representation, the reasoning in the ontology represented by the description logic is decidable, while in general, for mathematical knowledge described by the first order logic which contains the ontology represented by the description logic, there is no algorithm to realize its reasoning.

在前者的表示中，如果对公式不作任何限制，那么得到的知识库中的推理不是可算法化的；在后者的表示中，以描述逻辑描述的本体中的推理是可算法化的，而以本体为逻辑语言的一部分的一阶逻辑所表示的数学知识中的推理一般是不可算法化的。

As compared with traditional esterification, the cost of dehydrogenation was lower than that in process of esterification, and the actual yield reached 82% over 76.9% in esterification.

并将脱氢法与传统的酯化法进行了比较，脱氢法的成本要低于酯化法，且其实际收率达到了82%，超过酯化法的76.9%。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。