化

By using the laser-lift-off technique followed by plasma etching process to roughen the surface, the VLEDs with n-GaN surface roughening has been fabricated.

另一部份，则是在垂直式氮化镓发光二极体的表面制造粗化的效果，以来增进光从发光二极体中萃取出的效率，利用乾式蚀刻将表面制造出粗化的效果，再利用标准的黄光微影制成技术，因此成功的制造出n型表面粗化的垂直式氮化镓发光二极体，至於出光强度的增强量会随者表面粗化情况的不同有著30%？

The company mainly engaged in a number of products have the following series: 1, highly efficient environment-friendly metal surface treatment series: stainless steel pickling passivation cream, stainless steel pickling passivation fluid, stainless steel pickling passivation head hot paste, ultra-low carbon steel acid Passivation wash cream, stainless steel high-performance cleaning fluid, stainless steel passivation fluid, carbon steel pickling paste, pickling paste titanium, stainless steel brightener washing, descaling Wang, copper surface detergent cleaning agent, electric stainless steel polishing fluid, anti - welding slag splashing paint, universal cleaning agent, senior metals rust oil, phosphating solution, degreasing agents, rust-proof paper, waterproof moisture-proof wrapping paper series.

高效环保型金属表面处理系列：不锈钢酸洗钝化膏，不锈钢酸洗钝化液，不锈钢热压封头酸洗钝化膏，超低碳钢酸洗钝化膏，不锈钢高效清洗液，不锈钢钝化液，碳钢酸洗膏，钛合金酸洗膏，不锈钢清洗光亮剂，除垢王，铜制品表面除垢清洗剂，不锈钢电抛光液，防焊渣飞溅涂料，万能清洗剂，高级金属防锈油，磷化液，脱脂剂，防锈纸，防水防潮包装纸系列。

The results showed that the TiN andN films are polycrystalline phase. The properties and structure of TiN films are mainly determined by the N2 mass flow rate, and as the N2 mass flow rate increases, the structure of the TiN films transforms to f.c.c. type leading to better the properties of films. The presence of negative bias voltage can optimize the grain of TiN films, lower the defect proportion and denser the films, which improves the hardness of films. The TiN films conform to the free carrier absorption mechanism and there are many of free electrons with lower N content in TiN films. With the increase of N content, the quantity of free electrons and reflectivity of films decrease, and the plasma frequence shifts to the lower energy, which leads to the regular change of colors of films from silver, yellowy, golden to yellow-red, meanwhile the lightness of films decreases. The goldenN film consists of TiN and ZrN phase, but belongs to a sigle f.c.c. structure with (111) preferred orientation. The Zr-doping dosen't change the position of the valance band, conduction band and forbidden band ofN film, but leads to the presence of new energy levels, which is the reason thatN film remains golden. The transparent hard films with good corrosion resistance and high hardness have been prepared and the further reseachs showed that the grain size of those films is by far smaller than the wave length and the width of forbidden band of those films is very broad, is the reasons that those films are transparent.

研究表明：氮化钛和N 薄膜为多晶态，氮流量决定了氮化钛薄膜的结构和性能，增加氮流量能使氮化钛薄膜的结构向面心立方结构转变，从而得到性能良好的氮化钛薄膜；施加负偏压能优化氮化钛晶粒和减少薄膜中的缺陷，使膜层变得更致密，从而提高薄膜硬度；氮化钛主要遵循自由载流子光吸收，氮含量较少时薄膜中的自由电子数目较多，随着氮含量的增加，薄膜中的自由电子数目不断减少，反射率逐渐降低，等离子体频率向低能端移动，从而使薄膜颜色出现规律变化，由金属色银白色到淡黄、金黄再到红黄，并且薄膜亮度呈下降趋势；金黄色的N 薄膜中存在TiN 和ZrN 的分离相，但其为单一的面心立方结构并具有(111)面择优取向；相对于TiN 薄膜，Zr 掺杂后，并没有使薄膜的导带、价带和禁带发生变化，只是在TiN 禁带内增加了新能级，这也正是掺杂Zr 后，薄膜仍

amusement news accept and welcomed with interest and irritating their by people.though theory circle yet have finalconclusion by amusement to news at present,audiences'essential demand of psychology offers the demand for news amusement production,official silent approvement of will news amusement realistic terms that phenomenon can store in continuously.therefore the amusement of the tv news rises gradually,the comparatively swift and violent growth momentum appears.at the same time,we must take strict precautions against the trend of vulgarization urgently.

娱乐化新闻因其趣味性和刺激性逐渐被人们接受并受到欢迎。尽管理论界目前对新闻娱乐化尚无定论，但受众的心理本质要求为新闻娱乐化的产生提供了需求，而官方意志的默许则是新闻娱乐化现象能够持续存在的现实条件。因而电视新闻娱乐化逐渐兴起，并呈现较为迅猛的发展势头。与此同时，媚俗化倾向亟待加以防范。

The esterifying effects of monascus, daqu and rhizopus strain on single acid (acetic acid, caproic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid) and mixed acid (acetic acid,caproic acid,lactic acid, and butyric acid mixed together according to the ratio of 1∶1∶1∶1) were studied.

对红曲霉、大曲以及根霉菌对单一酸（乙酸、己酸、乳酸、丁酸）和混合酸（四大酸按1∶1∶1∶1混合）的酯化效果进行了研究，结果表明，红曲霉能促进己酸、丁酸及混合酸与乙醇的酯化作用，生成的酯类物质均为己酸乙酯，而且酯化能力极强；大曲能促进己酸、丁酸及混合酸与乙醇的酯化作用，生成的酯类物质均为己酸乙酯，并且能促进乙酸与乙醇的酯化生成乙酸乙酯；根霉能促进己酸和混合酸与乙醇的酯化作用，生成少量的己酸乙酯和乳酸乙酯。

Hepatic chymase concentrations in S3 and S4 cases were greater than in S1 and S2,〔53+54=(31.3±24.6)ng/mg vs. S1+S2=(5.7±4.8) ng/mg, P.01〕. Cells immunoreactive for chymase were seen throughout portal areas and intralobular sinusoidal walls, largely colocalizing with fibrosis. Chymase appears to be involved in hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis.

慢性肝炎纤维化分期重的S3和S4患者，其肝组织中Chymase浓度〔S3+S4=(31.3±24.6)ng/mg〕明显高于纤维化轻的S1和S2患者〔S1+S2=(5.7±4.8)ng/mg〕，P.01；免疫组化染色结果，Chymase标记的肥大细胞主要分布于纤维化旺盛的汇管区与类洞壁，其分布与纤维化部位相一致，且肝组织中Chymase浓度高的患者，其肝组织内Chymase标记的肥大细胞分布增多推测肝组织中Chymase浓度可能与慢性肝炎肝纤维化关系密切。

Result of thermogravity analysis showed that the thermal stability of polyvinylamine chloride lowers with increasing in amination degree. Moreover, properties of dilute aqueous solutions of three types of poly chloride with different amination degree were compared by use of viscosimetric, conductometric, and potentiometric measurements. Results showed that both the electrostatic interaction of neighboring groups on the chain and the reduced viscosity of poly chloride are increased with increasing the degree of amination of poly . The equivalent conductivity is decreased with the increasing the concentration of poly chloride and increased with the increasing the amination degree of poly .

研究了聚乙烯胺盐酸盐的热稳定性和水溶液性质，发现：随着胺化度的提高，聚乙烯胺盐酸盐的对热稳定性逐步降低；聚乙烯胺盐酸盐是一种典型的聚电解质，其水溶液的pH值随平均分子量的变化并不明显，而随着聚乙烯胺胺化度的升高，pH值降低；随着聚乙烯胺盐酸盐的平均聚合度由82.3增加到201.8，它的m值（用于表征聚电解质侧链基团之间相互作用大小的常数）从5.13升高到5.58，而当聚乙烯胺盐酸盐的平均聚合度增加到311.4时，它的m值反而降低到了5.48；随着胺化度由55.65%升高到82.36%，m值由3.65提高到5.50；随着聚乙烯胺盐酸盐的平均聚合度的提高，聚乙烯胺盐酸盐的平均解离常数由7.48降低到7.26，同时随着胺化度的提高，聚乙烯胺盐酸盐的平均解离常数也由8.33降低到7.37；随着聚乙烯胺盐酸盐浓度的提高，溶液的摩尔电导率逐步降低，随着聚乙烯胺胺化度和聚合度的提高，溶液的摩尔电导率有所升高；在pH值为4左右时，聚乙烯胺盐酸盐的比浓粘度分别达到极值，而与聚合度的大小关系不大；聚乙烯胺盐酸盐的特性粘数明显高于其原料聚丙烯酰胺的特性粘数，分子量对特性粘数的影响十分明显，胺化度对特性粘数的影响并不显著。

Currently, most breweries grinded barley and corn together for dextrinization at 100 ℃ and then for saccharification. However, our experiments proved that it was unnecessary to dextrinize at 100 ℃ and saccharification could be operated directly without any additional enzyme.

但目前多数工厂是把大麦与玉米一同粉碎进入糊化锅100 ℃糊化，之后再进行糖化，本实验主要研究了大麦的糖化工艺，认为不需要进行100 ℃糊化，可以直接进行糖化，并且不需要外加酶。

Currently, most breweries grinded barley and corn together for dextrinization at 100℃ and then for sacchaxification. However, our experiments proved that it was unnecessary to dextrinize at 100℃ and sacchaxification could be operated directly without any additional enzyme.

但目前多数工厂是把大麦与玉米一同粉碎进入糊化锅100℃糊化，之后再进行糖化，本实验主要研究了大麦的糖化工艺，认为不需要进行100℃糊化，可以直接进行糖化，并且不需要外加酶。

The chapter two was focused on the samarium diiodide promoted organic reactions and their applications in organic synthesis, firstly, a new synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentadienes from a,β-alkynone promoted by samarium diiodide was investigated and the highly substituted cyclopentadienes were prepared in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Secondly, the Michael addition and Michael-aldol tandem reaction of diorganyl diselenides or diorganyl disulfides with α,β-alkynones mediated by samarium diiodide were studied and a series of alkenylsulfides and alkenylselenides were prepared in good yields. Then the highly regioselecfive nucleophilic addition of the allylsamarium bromide to α,β-alkynones were explored. We found that the allylsamarium bromide reacts with α,β-alkynones to afford regiospecificly 1. 2-nucleophilic addition products in good yields under mild condition. At last we studied the coupling reaction of aryl halides promoted by NiCl〓/PPh〓/Sm〓.

第二章 研究了二碘化钐、金属钐促进的有机反应：1、二碘化钐促进下α，β-炔基酮的偶联环化反应，提供了一种制备多取代环戊二烯的新方法；2、二碘化钐促进下的二硫醚、二硒醚与α，β-炔基酮的Michael加成反应，为高产率地制备多取代的烯基硫或烯基硒化合物提供了方便可靠的新方法；3、二碘化钐促进下的二硫醚、二硒醚与α，β-炔基酮和醛、酮的Michael—aldol串联反应，提供了一种一锅法高产率地制备多取代的含硫的烯丙基醇或含硒的烯丙基醇类化合物的方便可靠的原子经济性的新方法；4、烯丙基溴化钐与α，β-炔基酮的高度区域选择性的1，2-亲核加成反应；5、NiCl〓/PPh〓/Sm〓促进的卤代芳烃的偶联反应-一种从各种卤代芳烃制备联苯类化合物的有效方法。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。