化

At the phonological level, foregrounding is fulfilled through the reoccurrence of the identical sound. Nonce-formations, abbreviations, blends and sense-shift attain lexical foregrounding, and the frequent use of the shorts words and numbers also functions. At the syntactic level, foregrounded features are embodied in the frequent use of active voice and quotations, and also the peculiar use of the tenses. Foregrounding at the semantic level principally turns up in the news headlines. It is the use of metaphor, synecdoche, metonymy and pun that helps to bring the potential of the linguistic elements into full play.

从语相层来看，体育新闻报道通过对标点符号的特殊使用、拼写的变异以及排版方式来实现前景化；从音位层来看，前景化靠对同一音素的复现来实现；从词汇层来看，新词的创造、词汇的缩略、混成及旧词新义等实现了对常规语言的偏离，此外，频繁使用短小词和数字也将报道推向前景；句法层上，体育新闻报道则通过对主动语态、引语等的频繁使用和时态的特殊用法来实现前景化；语义层的前景化主要集中在新闻标题中暗喻、提喻、转喻及双关等的使用。

To improve geochemical exploration in special landscape areas of western China, geochemical exploration researchers need to take new methods and new thoughts and systematically develop the research on geochemical methodology, thus finally formulizing a full set of effective geochemical methods suitable for special landscape areas, especially for coverage areas in western China.

要做好西部特殊景观区的化探工作，化探科研人员必需采取新方法、新思路，继续系统地开展化探方法技术研究，通过不懈的努力最终找到一套适合中国西部特殊景观区特别是覆盖区的行之有效的化探方法。

In order to utilize lignin effectively, base on the situation in China, the study was carried on systematically, centering around the topic of two step sulfomethylation of the soda lignin of wheat straw (the first step is methylolation, the second is sulfonation) and its application. The main purpose is to develop a heterogeneous catalytic system which not only catalyzes but also homogenizes the lignin molecule in the reaction.

为真正高效利用碱木素，木论文根据我国实情，紧紧围绕着麦草碱木素两步磺甲基化（第一步为羟甲基化，第二步为磺化）及其应用这一主题，以开发出在反应过程中既可催化反应又能使木素分子均一化的多相催化体系为主要目标，系统地展开了研究。

Objective To develop a new kind of herbal humidified fluid, which can reduce the rate of contamination of humidified fluid in oxygen administration and prevent the occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia. Methods To be divided into two periods.

研究目的研制一种新型的中药氧气湿化液——复方黄连氧气湿化液，以解决现行氧疗中湿化液污染的严重问题，降低湿化液的污染率，预防医院内肺部感染的发生。

Re-vectorization is performed on the basis of original vectorization by obtaining the initial parameters such as line types and slope. Inuring tricing it can adjustthe parameter adaptively. To decrease the influence of noise pixels, we designed a stop probe to detect tracing-stop conditions. Process of re-vectorization is performed recursively until quality of graph entity is satisfactory.Finally, some key technologies for 2D graphs reconstruction are studied. The issues concerned include the recognition and presentation of topologic relations among graphs entities and a directed and weighted graph model established to describe the relations and techniques on dimension driven.

在获得对图素识别质量的评价之后，质量较差的图素被输入到错误自动校正器进行错误校正处理，本文提出&二次矢量化&的错误校正思想，二次矢量化是在初步矢量化所获得知识的基础之上，取得初始参数，并在跟踪过程中动态校正参数，在跟踪结束时引入跟踪终止检测探针以消除光栅图像中黑白噪音的影响，使得算法具有较强的抗噪音干扰能力，校正后的图素仍需进行质量评价，未能通过评价的图素需递归执行二次矢量化算法。

Keratinizing squamous metaplasia is a risk factor for subsequent deelopment of carcinoma and other complications such as bladder contracture and obstruction.

鳞状化生可发生在膀胱的各个部位，但以前壁最为常见。鳞化区呈白色或灰白色，如鳞化区有重度角化时，则该处呈不规则隆起似有癌变。

RESULTS The positive rate of P-gp170expression in cervi-cal cancer pre-radiotherapy was58%（22/38）.Among them,the positive expression rates were10/18（56%）,6/10,4/6and2/4in keratinizing,nonkeratinizing squamous-cell carci-noma,adenocarcinoma and adeno-squamous-cell carcinoma respectively.The positive rate of post-radiotherapy was90%（34/38）and among them,the positive expression rates were16/18（89%）,8/10,6/6and4/4in keratinizing,nonkera-tinizing squamous-cell carcinoma,adenocarcinoma and adeno-squamous-cell carcinoma respectively.

结果 宫颈癌组织P-gp170阳性表达在放疗前为58%（22/38），其中角化型、非角化型鳞癌、腺癌及腺鳞癌分别为10/18（56%），6/10，4/6，2/4例；放疗后其P-gp170阳性表达为90%（34/38），其中角化型、非角化型鳞癌、腺癌及腺鳞癌分别为16/18（89%），8/10，6/6，4/4例，P-gp170表达阳性强度较放疗前亦呈增高趋势。

"Long-term skin cancer and actinic keratoses surveillance continue to be important,and repeated resurfacing procedures or courses of topical agents,such as fluorouracil or imiquimod, may be necessary," the researchers write."A largerstudy comparing trichloroacetic acid resurfacing for actinic keratoses reductionand nonmelanoma skin cancer prophylaxis would help validate the superiority ofthis resurfacing technique over the carbon dioxide laser andassess its cost-effectiveness compared with photodynamic therapyor imiquimod treatment." They cite improved patient compliance in the trichloroacetic-acid group, ease of performance in the outpatient setting, andsubjective measures of better tolerance as reasons this procedure is an attractive alternative to repeated courses with topicalagents or laser resurfacing.

研究者指出，长期皮肤癌和光化性角化病之监测仍是重要的，反覆的皮肤重建整形步骤、或外用制剂如fluorouracil 或 imiquimod的反覆疗程也可能是必须的；一个比较三氯醋酸皮肤重建整形以减少光化性角化病和预防非黑色素皮肤癌的大型研究，将可有助於确定其优於二氧化碳雷射的优势，以及评估其和光动力治疗或 imiquimod治疗之花费效益比比较；他们举例说，三氯醋酸组病患之遵医嘱性增加、门诊病患也容易进行、个案之测量耐受度比较佳，这些都是重复疗程时比外用药剂或雷射更有吸引力的理由。

On the discussion about mechanism of mutation of methylating, we explored thermodynamics and dynamic properties on base pairs, investigating the proton transfer on base pairs.

从甲基化对嘌呤碱基电荷的影响，到甲基化引起碱基配对的改变造成碱基配对的诱变等都作了较为详细的探讨；在对甲基化诱变的探讨中，我们进行了热力学和动力学方面的研究，同时对碱基之间的质子迁移的难易程度也作了探讨；并在充分考虑水分子存在的情况下研究了甲基化对碱基之间的氢键作用和堆积作用的影响。

Methods genomic dna was extracted from different stages of malignant transformation and tumorigenicity in inoculated athymic mouse 16hbe cells induced by cadmium chloride and methylating status of genome p16 gene promoter was observed with methylation-specific pcr and then compared with the controls.

从各组cdcl2恶性转化不同阶段及接种裸鼠成瘤的16hbe细胞中提取全基因组dna，采取甲基化特异性pcr法(methylation-specific pcr，msp)检测该基因组p16基因启动子区的甲基化状况，与非转化的16hbe对照细胞进行比较，并用去甲基化因子5-azac (5-aza-2'deoxycytidine)处理有异常甲基化的细胞。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。