势场

Electrons can be easily injected from thegraphitic matrix into the conduction rand of diamond under the high field which resultedfrom the projection field enhancemext.These injected electrons could reach the vacuumsurface and then emit into vacuum where the negative electron affinity or low electronaffinity could allow the electrons to re emitted more easily.

由于场增强效应，对镶嵌在非晶碳颗粒表面的金刚石晶粒来说，电子在高场作用下通过隧道效应越过金刚石晶粒与非晶碳形成的界面势垒，注入金刚石的导带，在电场的作用下迁移到表面，由于某些金刚石表面具有负电子亲和势或较小的正电子亲和势，电子较易发射进入真空。

These materials have excellent chemical and thermal stability, high melting point, high thermal conductivity, high breakdown voltage and large carrier mobility rate especially the smaller electron affinity and potential or even a negative electron affinity, and the situation has greatly reduced the market launch of the threshold voltage, therefore, Field emission of such material will have a very vast potential for development and application prospects.

这些材料具有良好的化学与热稳定性、高熔点、高热导率、高击穿电压及大的载流子迁移率，特别是较小的电子亲和势甚至是负的电子亲和势，大大降低了场发射的阈值电压，因此，这类场发射材料将有着极为广阔的发展潜力及应用前景。

The main work can be summed up as follows: Firstly, we studied the thermal-field properties of VCSELs, and analyzed the influences of current spreading, material parameters and operating conditions on the temperature distributions. Secondly, we began with the electrode voltage and calculated the equipotential s distributions, compared the distributions of voltages and current densities in different depths of VCSELs, and then studied the influences of the oxide-confining region with different position or thickness, and the different sizes of the gain-guided aperture and emitting window on the distributions of the injected current density, carrier concentration and temperature in the active region. Thirdly, we realized the coupling of electricity, optical and thermal-fields, worked out the threshold voltage, calculated the distributions of the injected current density, carrier concentration and temperature under different offset voltages, and analyzed the impacts of temperature profile and carrier density on the refractive index, Fermi levels and optical-field. Finally, we gave the equipotential line distributions with considering N-DBR and double oxidized-confining regions, and analyzed theinfluences of N-DBR and double oxide-confining regions on the distributions of the current density, carrier concentration, temperature and optical-field.

具体工作可以概括如下：首先，研究了VCSEL的热场特性，分析了电流扩展，材料参数和工作条件对于温度分布的影响；其次，从电极电压入手，计算出激光器中的等势线分布，并对不同深度处的电压和电流分布进行比较，研究了高阻区的不同位置和不同厚度、限制层和出射窗口半径的大小对电流密度、载流子浓度和温度分布的影响；再次，实现了电、光、热耦合，求出了阈值电压，计算了不同偏置电压下的电流密度分布、载流子浓度分布和热场分布，分析了温度和载流子浓度变化对折射率、费米能级和光场的影响；最后，给出了考虑N-DBR和双氧化限制层时激光器中的等势线分布，分析了N-DBR和双氧化限制层对VCSEL电流密度、载流子浓度、温度和光场分布的影响。

The control principle of electrostatic shaping was introduced according to the balance between electrostatic force and resulting force formed by membrane deformation and the complex shaping process of SMEC. Then, taking the trisection circularity electrode for an example, the distribution characteristic of electric potential in the electrostatic field was analyzed, namely, the expression of potential function in the electrostatic field was deduced by Laplacian equation. And then, by combining the difference equation with electric potential expression, the numerical solutions of electrostatic force in single electrode mode and trisection circularity electrode mode were disposed. Finally, the calculated figure was compared with the ideal paraboloid and comparison shows that more accuracy would be achieved by multi-electrode control.

根据静电力与薄膜变形载荷作用力之间的平衡关系和静电拉伸薄膜反射镜成形的复杂过程，介绍了薄膜反射镜静电成形的控制原理；以三等分环状电极为例，分析了静电场中空间电势分布特性，即从拉普拉斯方程推导出静态场势函数的表达式；然后，利用差分与电势方程结合的方法，对单电极电场力和三等分环状电极电场力进行了数值求解；最后，将计算面形与理想抛物面进行了比较，结果显示，单电极情况下得到的薄膜反射镜面形不是理想抛物面，若采用多电极控制可获得更高的控制精度。

The control principle of electrostatic shaping was introduced according to the balance between electrostatic force and resulting force formed by membrane deformation and the complex shaping process of SMEC. Then, taking the trisection circularity electrode for an example, the distribution characteristic of electric potential in the electrostatic field was analyzed, namely, the expression of potential function in the electrostatic field was deduced by Laplacian equation. And then, by combining the difference equation with electric potential expression, the numerical solutions of electrostatic force in single electrode mode and trisection circularity electrode mode were disposed.

根据静电力与薄膜变形载荷作用力之间的平衡关系和静电拉伸薄膜反射镜成形的复杂过程，介绍了薄膜反射镜静电成形的控制原理；以三等分环状电极为例，分析了静电场中空间电势分布特性，即从拉普拉斯方程推导出静态场势函数的表达式；然后，利用差分与电势方程结合的方法，对单电极电场力和三等分环状电极电场力进行了数值求解；最后，将计算面形与理想抛物面进行了比较，结果显示，单电极情况下得到的薄膜反射镜面形不是理想抛物面，若采用多电极控制可获得更高的控制精度。

Week 11 Work of static electric field force, theorem of closed path in static electric field, electric potential energy and electric potential, gradient of electric potential, charged particle in static electric field and its motion.

第11周静电场力的功；静电场的环路定理；电势能和电势；电势的计算；电势梯度；静电场中的带电粒子及其运动。

We obtain a new quark potential from the effective dilaton-gluon-coupling inspired by superstring theory, and by using this static potential, we explore the mechanism of quark confinement through calculations of the spin-average energy levels, the widths of the leptonic decays and radiative transitions for heavy quarkonium. The obtained results are compared with that of the Cornell potenial.

由规范场理论的超弦理论所激发的伸缩子一胶子有效藕合，给出了一个新的静态夸克一反夸克势，讨论了此势模型下重介子的自旋平均能谱、轻子衰变和辐射跃迁宽度，并与Cdrn叭势模型所得到的相应结果作了比较。

The series expansion for the potential distribution in whole space with the potential distribution on the symmetric axis is derived,some examples are given.

提出了求解轴对称静电场的柱函数展开法，推导出用对称轴上的电势分布表示空间电势分布的级数展开式，并给出了求解轴对称静电场的例子

The relation between the movement parameters in the flow field of jig could be obtained by the Navier-stockes equation of fluid dynamics. The fluid in different jig structure dimension and shape could be calculated and diagrammed by use of calculate fluid mechanics and potential motion theory. The flow field and streamline of jig at different case are expressed vividly, which could provide rational basis for selecting and designing jig structure.

由流体运动的Naver-Stockes方程得到跳汰室内的流场运动参数间的关系，用势流理论对运动流场进行研究，通过计算流体力学方法对流体运动参数在结构不同的跳汰机的跳汰室内的流场进行了绘图，形象地把不同结构的跳汰室的流场、流线体现出来，可为合理选择跳汰机结构提供依据。

In this way, the simulation of actualseepage fields in complicated site and construction conditions were made in order tohave a deep view of the general rules of seepages in earth dam, and illuminate laws ofmain physical quantities.

通过土坝渗流场的三维非稳定分析，以期达到对土坝渗流场实际复杂情况的模拟，比较理想地反映不同时段的土坝渗流场中等势线、流速矢量、无压渗流场自由面以及流量等渗流要素在不同条件下的变化规律，从而在一定程度上弥补过去对土坝渗流场研究的不足。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。