劳动的

Therefore, under communist society in which alienatedlabor is discarded, the return of man to his true self will necessarily cause man to have overall occupation of labor bes-ides having the generic essence of labor type——alogical co-nclusion to arrive at when we study Marx's theories on human alienation and on human generic essence and practical essence.

因而，在扬弃异化劳动的共产主义社会，向真正的人复归的人的本质除具有人的劳动类本质外，还必然具有对劳动的全面占有这一本质规定，这是我们统一理解马克思关于人的异化理论、关于人的类本质和现实本质的两个著名论断及其全部理论旨归所得出的必然结论。

Let us not weary of repeating, and sympathetic souls must not forget that this is the first of fraternal obligations, and selfish hearts must understand that the first of political necessities consists in thinking first of all of the disinherited and sorrowing throngs, in solacing, airing, enlightening, loving them, in enlarging their horizon to a magnificent extent, in lavishing upon them education in every form, in offering them the example of labor, never the example of idleness, in diminishing the individual burden by enlarging the notion of the universal aim, in setting a limit to poverty without setting a limit to wealth, in creating vast fields of public and popular activity, in having, like Briareus, a hundred hands to extend in all directions to the oppressed and the feeble, in employing the collective power for that grand duty of opening workshops for all arms, schools for all aptitudes, and laboratories for all degrees of intelligence, in augmenting salaries, diminishing trouble, balancing what should be and what is, that is to say, in proportioning enjoyment to effort and a glut to need; in a word, in evolving from the social apparatus more light and more comfort for the benefit of those who suffer and those who are ignorant.

我们应当不厌其烦地反复提出：要最先想到那些没有生计的痛苦民众，为他们减少困难，让他们得到空气和光明，爱护他们，扩大他们的视野，使他们感到灿烂辉煌，用种种形式为他们提供接受教育的机会，为他们提供劳动的榜样，而不是游手好闲的榜样，减轻他们个人负担的压力，增加他们对总目标的认识，限制穷困而不限制财富，大量创造人民共同劳动的天地，象布里亚柔斯①那样，把一百只手从四面八方伸向受压迫和软弱无力的人，为这一伟大职责运用集体的力量，为所有的胳膊开设工厂，为所有的才能开办学校，为所有的智力设立实验室，增加工资，减轻惩罚，平衡收支，也就是说，调整福利与劳动之间和享用与需求之间的比重。总之，要使社会机器为受苦和无知的人的利益发出更多的光明和更多的温暖，使富于同情心的人不忘记这些，这是人间友爱的第一义务，使自私自利的人懂得这些，这是政治的第一需要。

Let us not weary of repeating, and sympathetic souls must not forget that this is the first of fraternal obligations, and selfish hearts must understand that the first of political necessities consists in thinking first of all of the disinherited and sorrowing throngs, in solacing, airing, enlightening, loving them, in enlarging their horizon to a magnificent extent, in lavishing upon them education in every form, in offering them the example of labor, never the example of idleness, in diminishing the individual burden by enlarging the notion of the universal aim, in setting a limit to poverty without setting a limit to wealth, in creating vast fields of public and popular activity, in having, like Briareus, a hundred hands to extend in all directions to the oppressed and the feeble, in employing the collective power for that grand duty of opening workshops for all arms, schools for all aptitudes, and laboratories for all de GRE es of intelligence, in augmenting salaries, diminishing trouble, balancing what should be and what is, that is to say, in proportioning enjoyment to effort and a glut to need; in a word, in evolving from the social apparatus more light and more comfort for the benefit of those who suffer and those who are ignorant.

我们应当不厌其烦地反复提出：要最先想到那些没有生计的痛苦民众，为他们减少困难，让他们得到空气和光明，爱护他们，扩大他们的视野，使他们感到灿烂辉煌，用种种形式为他们提供接受教育的机会，为他们提供劳动的榜样，而不是游手好闲的榜样，减轻他们个人负担的压力，增加他们对总目标的认识，限制穷困而不限制财富，大量创造人民共同劳动的天地，象布里亚柔斯①那样，把一百只手从四面八方伸向受压迫和软弱无力的人，为这一伟大职责运用集体的力量，为所有的胳膊开设工厂，为所有的才能开办学校，为所有的智力设立实验室，增加工资，减轻惩罚，平衡收支，也就是说，调整福利与劳动之间和享用与需求之间的比重。总之，要使社会机器为受苦和无知的人的利益发出更多的光明和更多的温暖，使富于同情心的人不忘记这些，这是人间友爱的第一义务，使自私自利的人懂得这些，这是政治的第一需要。①布里亚柔斯，神话中的巨人，是天和地的儿子，有五十个头和一百只手。

The spinner is almost always a distinct person from the weaver; but the ploughman, the harrower, the sower of the seed, and the reaper of the corn, are often the same.

耙， 农业中对不同劳动的需要随季节轮回，不可能一个人一直只从事一种劳动。

History suggests, however, that most technological progress is labor-augmenting instead of labor-saving.

历史表明，大多数技术进步是增加劳动而不是节约劳动的。

As the production of human brain activity, knowledge has its own modality and does not subject its existence to its tangibility.

知识的本质是信息，知识是人脑的产物，产生于大脑的知识并非一定为他人感知，存在于大脑中的知识也具有其形式，知识不以是否能为他人感知为前提；知识产权制度不是用来保护知识的，不是用来限制知识的传播的，而是通过保护创造性智力劳动成果———知识产品，来保护创造知识的劳动的；知识产权属于私权但对公权有强烈的依存性，是人们基于创造知识的劳动对所产生的知识产品依法享有的专有权

His theory is not only same with Marx's definition of labor, but also reify and clarify further the nature of labor that has regularity and consciousness. As to the praxis thinking, he mainly accepted the praxis theory of Aristotle and the labor theory of Hegel.

他不仅在劳动的定义上和马克思相同，同时马克思的劳动也具有合规律性和合目的性两种规定性，他把马克思的这个思想进一步具体化和明确化了；对于西方哲学的实践思想，他主要继承和发展了亚里士多德的实践学说和黑格尔的劳动理论。

In the current discussion on the Labor Theory of Value,we should not only i nsist on Marx' s basic principles of labor value,bu t also creatively develop this scient ific theory according to the situati on of economic development in China a nd the world.We must solve three key problems for this pur pose:The first is to accurately distinguish the creation of value from th e creation of wealth;th...

在当前关于劳动价值论的讨论中，要做到既坚持马克思劳动价值的基本原理，又结合中国和世界经济发展的实际来创造性地发展这一科学理论，必须解决三个关键问题：一是准确区分价值的创造与财富的创造；二是准确区分价值的创造与价值的分配；三是准确扩展生产劳动的内涵。

I think it will be but a very modest computation to say, that of the products of the earth useful to the life of man nine tenths are the effects of labour: nay, if we will rightly estimate things as they come to our use, and cast up the several expenses about them, what in them is purely owing to nature, and what to labour, we shall find, that in most of them ninety-nine hundredths are wholly to be put on the account of labour.

我以非常保守的估计认为：土地有益于人的生活的产出十分之九都是劳动的结果；不仅如此，如果我们正确地估计我们所使用的东西，并将各项损耗算进来的话，哪些属于纯粹自然提供，哪些属于劳动提供，我们将会发现：绝大部分物品百分之九十九都应归于劳动。

Will the future arrive? It seems as though we might almost put this question, when we behold so much terrible darkness. Melancholy face-to-face encounter of selfish and wretched. On the part of the selfish, the prejudices, shadows of costly education, appetite increasing through intoxication, a giddiness of prosperity which dulls, a fear of suffering which, in some, goes as far as an aversion for the suffering, an implacable satisfaction, the I so swollen that it bars the soul; on the side of the wretched covetousness, envy, hatred of seeing others enjoy, the profound impulses of the human beast towards assuaging its desires, hearts full of mist, sadness, need, fatality, impure and simple ignorance.Shall we continue to raise our eyes to heaven? Is the luminous point which we distinguish there one of those which vanish?

我们应当不厌其烦地反复提出：要最先想到那些没有生计的痛苦民众，为他们减少困难，让他们得到空气和光明，爱护他们，扩大他们的视野，使他们感到灿烂辉煌，用种种形式为他们提供接受教育的机会，为他们提供劳动的榜样，而不是游手好闲的榜样，减轻他们个人负担的压力，增加他们对总目标的认识，限制穷困而不限制财富，大量创造人民共同劳动的天地，象布里亚柔斯①那样，把一百只手从四面八方伸向受压迫和软弱无力的人，为这一伟大职责运用集体的力量，为所有的胳膊开设工厂，为所有的才能开办学校，为所有的智力设立实验室，增加工资，减轻惩罚，平衡收支，也就是说，调整福利与劳动之间和享用与需求之间的比重。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。