劳动力

RMB appreciation weakens the advantage of labor force of the Chinese clothing products,and lowers the product competition ability;particularly those labor-intensive business enterprises whose products possess low affixture value are suffering a big impact.

人民币欣赏减弱中国服装产品的劳动力的优势，和降低产品竞争能力；特别是产品拥有低的affixture价值的那些劳动力密集的企业正遭受大的影响。

Furthermore, the enterprise survey dataset proves increasing dependence on the inflowing laborers and urban labor market is experiencing a process from stratified and differential market to a more competitive and inclusive market.

另一方面，通过分析三个城市的企业调查数据，发现大城市对外来劳动力的依赖性也日渐增强，在外来劳动力不断冲击的过程中，城市劳动力市场也经历了由分层到竞争与融合的转变过程。

Proceeding from this point, using the logic analysis method of Marxism and positive and normative analysis of modern economic theory, the paper first investigates the surplus situation of Gansu province's rural labor forces and the problems existing in the transfer of surplus labor forces. Secondly it analyses the modes of transfer of rural surplus labor forces in the developed countries and domestic developed areas, in the hope of finding out the experience that can be used for reference. At last, based on the current situation of transfer of western rural surplus labor and its influence factors, it puts forward its independent opinion on promoting the transfer of Gansu province's rural surplus labor forces in an all round way.

从此点出发，运用马克思主义理论逻辑分析的方法及现代经济理论实证与规范分析的方法，首先考察了甘肃省农村劳动力剩余的动因及对甘肃经济的积极影响及转移中出现的问题，其次对国内外农村剩余劳动力转移的模式进行分析，以期找出可借鉴的有益经验，然后立足于转移的现状和问题，有针对性地、全方位地就促进甘肃农村剩余劳动力转移的问题提出了自己的见解。

Proceeding from this point, using the logic analysis method of Marxism and positive and normative analysis of modern economic theory, the paper first investigates the surplus situation of the western rural labor forces and the problems existing in the transfer of surplus labor forces.

从此点出发，运用马克思主义理论逻辑分析的方法及现代经济理论实证与规范分析的方法，首先考察了我国西部农村劳动力剩余的情况及转移中出现的问题，其次对发达国家和国内发达地区农村剩余劳动力转移的模式进行分析，以期找出可借鉴的有益经验，然后立足于转移的现状和问题，有针对地、全方位地就促进西部农村剩余劳动力转移的问题提出了自己独立的见解。

As for the discussion of this problem, series of theories have been achieved inside and outside, such as Lee's "A Theory of Migration", Fei, C. H. and G. Ranis'"Development of the Labor Surplus Economy", Todaro's "Expected Income Theory", Jorgenson, D. W's "The Development of a Dual Economy"and so on. In our country many economists have also joined the group of the research on the rural surplus labor force transfer problem and have provided some good ideas.

关于农村剩余劳动力转移问题的讨论国内外已经形成了一系列成熟的理论，尤其是刘易斯、托达罗等经济学家对发展中国家农村剩余劳动力转移问题的研究为我们提供了很好的参考价值，国内对于就地转移及异地转移的争论，也使我们对于我国的农村剩余劳动力转移问题有了更清醒的认识。

The present condition which studies lately period and new situation to descend expensive state province village surplus labor force transfers path, not only be advantageous to reasonable exploitation and install a labor force resources and change the resources advantage as economic advantage effectively, and be advantageous to village labor force the increment, farmer of the income life level of exaltation and village modernization of progress, thus be advantageous to society of stability and stabilize incorporation.

研究新时期、新的形势下贵州省农村剩余劳动力的现状转移途径，不仅有利于合理利用、有效配置劳动力资源、变资源优势为经济优势，而且有利于农村劳动力收入的增加、农民生活水平的提高以及农村现代化的进程，从而有利于社会的稳定和安定团结。

It is a very typical phenomenon in the process of modernization that labors flow from the first-tier industry of low efficiency to the second- or third-tier industries of higher efficiency.

劳动力从低效率的第一产业向效率较高的第二、第三产业的持续转移，是各国现代化过程中普遍的现象，但劳动力转移的动因、方式、速度、机制等，却因资源禀赋、发展阶段的差异而有所不同；同样，我国不同省份的劳动力转移当然也存在着构成、动因、机制等差别。

Since the 1980s, in the face of the serious continuous high unemployment rate, most western countries started the flexiblity reform in the labor markets by giving up the Keynesian employment policies and adopting the Neo-liberalism employment policies.

因此，如何在劳动力市场灵活化的改革中将灵活性与安全性统一起来，实现劳动力市场效率与公平的统一，成为当今世界上无论发达国家、发展中国家以及转型国家劳动力市场进一步改革所面临的一个重要问题。

Since the 1980s, in the face of the serious continuous high unemployment rate, most western countries started the flexiblity reform in the labor markets by giving up the Keynesian employment policies and adopting the Neo-liberalism employment policies.

劳动力市场的灵活化在降低失业率、提高就业率，创造出新自由主义的&劳动就业奇迹&的同时，也产生了一系列诸如收入差距扩大、社会排斥和工作贫困等社会问题，严重威胁了劳动力市场雇员阶层，特别是劳动力市场弱势群体的安全性。

The conclusion is: There is a long-term equilibrium relationship between rural surplus labor force transfer and economic development ; In the long run, they have a positive correlation, and the former is the latter's onesided Granger causality ; And in the short run, the first-lag-phase economic variable, as well as the second one, the third one, the fourth one, and the second-lag-phase surplus labor force transfer variable, as well as the fifth one, they all give rise to economic short-term fluctuation.

其结论是：中国农村剩余劳动力转移与经济增长之间存在长期的均衡稳定关系；在长期，中国农村剩余劳动力转移与经济增长是正相关的，并且前者是后者的单向格兰杰成因；在短期，滞后一期、二期、三期和四期的经济总量以及滞后二期和五期的剩余劳动力转移总量均造成了经济的短期波动。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失