劳动人口

In Chapter One, this paper analyzes laborer in demography, management of human resources, labor economics, labor demotics and labor jurisprudence and concludes that the scope of laborer is widest in demotics, which is greater than that in labor economics by half and emphasizes that laborer is the father of human beings and master of society and is carrier of activity and behavior of society.

第一部分从人口统计学、人力资源管理、劳动经济学、劳动社会学及劳动法学的角度对劳动者进行分析，得出了社会学上劳动者的范围最为广泛，它远远大于劳动经济学上的劳动者的范围，主要强调劳动者是人类社会的创造者和社会的主人，是社会活动和行为的载体。

From today's labor structure, the female employment population is almost 50% of total employment. But the percentage of female in managing level is only 20%. There is a widespread problem, Glass Ceiling, the female employees in Taiwan face with. The invisible and artificial barriers that would not only limit the development and mobility opportunities of female employees, but also dilapidate the organization's human resource.

摘要 就目前劳动结构来看，女性就业人口占总就业人口之比例已趋近50%，但女性在管理阶层的比例却仅达20%，显示出国内女性的工作者在晋升至管理阶层时普遍存在玻璃天花板的障碍，而这种组织结构性的障碍，不仅使得女性员工的职涯受到阻碍，也会使得组织在人力资源的投入上产生重大的浪费。

As the society situation of 「few birth」and「old aging」 coming, every country has to face the ageing situation all over the world. The prime of life must load more and more greybeard per one. Taiwan is the second ageing country in the world, just gets behind Japan. Therefore, in economy, society and political aspects, the government brings up a lot of ideas to handle the increasing of greybeard.

中文摘要因为「少子化」、「高龄化」的社会现象来临，世界各国都有面临人口老化的情况，每个青壮劳动人口所要负担的老年人口愈渐增加，台湾又是在世界上老化的人口仅次於日本的国家，从经济、社会、政治各方面莫不因为银发族的增加而提出相关因应之道。

The analytical approach/tool of MultipleScale Integrated Assessment of Societal Metabolism, proposed by Mario Giampietro,Kozo Mayumi, et al., based on the congruence among resource "Human Activities", resource "Exosomatic Energy Flows", and "Added Value Flows" in the hierarchical socioeconomic systems, using, in an integrated way, incommensurable variables referring to nonequivalent descriptive domains(coming from various scientific disciplines) and data gathered at distinct hierarchical levels, addresses the various relevant dimensions of societal development and sustainability.

社会代谢多尺度综合评估"分析方法，根据"人类活动"资源、"体外能"资源和"增加值三者在社会经济系统中的叠合关系，将各个尺度（如国家、经济部门、次级部门、省/州、社区、直至个别家庭）上，社会经济系统的能量代谢过程，与该系统的经济、人口（如人口的年龄结构和性别构成）、生态和社会（如义务教育和退休年龄的规定）特征结合起来，利用多个关系式，计算出社会经济系统的人类活动量、体外能投入量、劳动生产率、生物—经济压力和体外能超循环强度等参数、指标，进而综合地分析评估社会经济系统发展与可持续性。

The creation point of this article is: first, it broke the traditional idea that peasant workers are common village labor force and human resources. It comprehends the knowledge of human capital economics and the city peasant workers, pointing that peasant workers is the most important part in country human capital, is an extremely important question in fully building well-off society. Second, we calculated the peasant workers\' human capital revenue rate by using Mincer model. Thirdly, we point out that country human capital is the new developing region in China economy, enriched the theory of village economy, labor economy, human biology economy, human resource and human capital economy.

本文的创新点在于：一是首次将明瑟模型中计算人力资本收益率的方法应用到城市农民工当中，计算了城市农民工人力资本收益率；二是突破了农民工只是一般农村劳动力和人力资源的传统观念，将人力资本经济学内容同城市农民工相结合，提出城市农民工人力资本转化存在的可能性以及如何促成其完成该转化，提出了农民工是乡城人力资本的重要组成部分，而农民工人力资本转化是我国实现从人口大国到人力资源大国进而到人力资本大国的关键之所在；三提出了农民工人力资本是我国经济发展的新增长阈的新观点，丰富了农业与农村经济、劳动经济、人口生态经济、人力资源与人力资本经济等学科的理论。

Human resources mean the population, within the certain range of time and space ,who can take social and economic activities directly and indirectly, which includes quantity and quality.

人力资源指一定时空范围内的能够直接或间接参与社会经济活动的具有一定劳动能力的人口，包括了人口的数量和质量两方面。

As operators of commercial economy, the emergence and growth of the slaveholding class were based on black slavery, increasing population and development of commercial economy.

奴隶制的确立为奴隶主蓄奴提供了制度保障，人口的增长为奴隶主群体提供了人口来源，商业经济的发展为奴隶主提供了使用奴隶劳动的经济空间。

He points out that beyond those who are counted as officially unemployed,'there are the record number of people who got furloughed into part-time work,' plus many more who have dropped out of the labor force altogether.

他指出，在被正式定性为失业的人口之外，还有空前数量（约900万）的人口进入非全职工作的状态，另外还有很多人干脆放弃找工作，从劳动大军中退出。

The author comes to the conclusions that: the size of LSP is large, and its growth rate is high; the sex ratio of LSP is higher than the total population and working-age population, and comparatively speaking, its age structure is younger and cultural-educational quality is lower; the LFPR of total population goes steadily up; the characteristics of age-specific LFPR are similar to other countries; the LFPR of illiterate and semi-illiterate is lowest, and among the other population the higher the educational level, the lower the LFPR; the regional differences in the size, age-sex structure and cultural quality of LSP are obvious, and so is the LFPR.

首先对中国劳动力供给人口和劳动力参与率进行了研究，主要结论如下：劳动力供给人口的总量大、增长快；劳动力供给人口的性别比高于总人口和劳动年龄人口，其年龄构成比较年轻，文化素质也较低；总人口劳动力参与率稳步上升，1978—1994年，中国总人口劳动力参与率的回归模型为：Bt=40.1611(t-1977)〓(R〓=0.9150)；中国分年龄组劳动力参与率的特征与其他国家相类似，在15岁及以上人口中，文盲半文盲人口的劳动力参与率最低，其他文化程度人口则是文化层次越高，劳动力参与率越低。

Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000jobs -- one-fifth of its total workforce.

上周皇家doulton，最大雇主打响月特伦特，据宣布取消1000个职位--1/5，占全国劳动人口。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。