劳动

Judging from my experience as a labor dispute judge and my interest in the labor relations field over the years, the parties to labor disputes tend to make some concessions with a view to reaching a conciliated agreement in the course of arbitration and litigation, or seek a mediated solution before the case is brought to court.

依笔者多年劳动争议审判的经验以及对劳动关系领域的长期关注之心得，劳动关系当事人双方在调解过程中通常会作出一些让步，以期达成调解，这种让步不仅仅表现在劳动争议仲裁、诉讼过程中，也同样会表现在诉诸法律之前的调解过程中。

So called "likely is" is for under the seriously restricted condition of simple labor and commodity exchange in the early days, both sides know about the approximate labor amount needed for producing the article for exchanging, so it is relatively easy to realize the equate labor exchange; So called "likely not" is for in the process of developed and complicated commodity exchange, it is very difficult for the dealers to compute the labor amount that includes in the article of other side, so the principle of equate labor exchange actually does not inheres the meaning that prevalently use, the comparing interests principle can be the principle that prevalently use, but the equate labor exchange principle just is a kind of special example of comparing interests principle.

所谓&似是&是因为在初期简单劳动及其商品交换的严格限制条件下，双方都知道要生产所交换的商品需要的大致劳动量，等量劳动交换的实现比较容易；所谓&而非&，则是因为在发达复杂的商品交换中，交换者很难统一计量出对方商品所包含的劳动量，等量劳动交换原则事实上就不具有普遍适用的意义。商品交换的比较利益原则才是普遍适用的原则，等量劳动交换原则只是比较利益原则的一种特例。

Lukacs considered that Aristotle distinguishes thinking and production in the process of labor, the former setting up the aim of labor and seeking the means to realize the aim, the latter carrying the aim out. Aristotle's labor theory has included the potentiality of distinguishing causality and intention. Later, Hartman reifies Aristotle's labor theory, but he doesn't transcend Aristotle. Hegel takes the process of labor as the process for the object's causality and mechanism submitting to the subject's aim, illuminates the unification of these nature of labor.

他认为亚里士多德把劳动中思维和生产这两个因素加以区分，前者可以设定目标并寻求实现目标的手段，后者可以使设定的目标付诸现实，这种劳动理论已经包含把因果性和目的性区分开来的潜在性；后来哈特曼具体化了亚里士多德的这种思想，但却没有超越它；黑格尔则把劳动的过程理解为使客体的因果性、机械性服从于主体的目的性的过程，明确了劳动具有因果性和目的性相统一的特征。

Article 8 Where, due to a major change in the objective situation on which the labor contract is concluded, the original labor contract is unable to be preformed, and the parties fail to agree upon the modification of the labor contract, thus the employer rescinds the labor contract, the employer shall, on the basis of the term of his work in the entity, pay economic compensations equal to 1 month's wages for every full year.

第八条 劳动合同订立时所依据的客观情况发生重大变化，致使原劳动合同无法履行，经当事人协商不能就变更劳动合同达成协议，由用人单位解除劳动合同的，用人单位按劳动者在本单位工作的年限，工作时间每满一年发给相当于一个月工资的经济补偿金。

Female labors approve themselves by womanizing labor value.

本文发现，妇女对於工作之认同是建立在三个层面，分别为：「女性化」的劳动价值、他者的劳动价值，以及「家务劳动互助化」的劳动共识。

That of transporting the produce from the place of its production to the place of its destined use: the labour of carrying the corn to market, and from market to the miller's, the flour from the miller's to the baker's, and the bread from the baker's to the place of its final consumption.

这包括把小麦运到市场的劳动，把小麦从市场运到磨坊的劳动，把面粉从磨坊运到面包房的劳动和把面包从面包房运到最终消费地点的劳动。

In the academic circle of political economics, it has been a controversy whether services has value. And now another problem has been raised-on the one hand, the value of labor in services is admitted, while on the other hand, the value of labor in business and bank is denied-which breaks the consistency of the value of service labor in the "political economics" system.

在政治经济学理论界，服务产品是否具有价值的争议尚未了，另一矛盾又普遍出现，即一边承认服务劳动的价值创造性，一边却仍否认商业劳动和银行劳动的价值创造性，使服务劳动的价值创造性在政治经济学体系中无法保持连贯性和一致性。

Job tittles were involved in the job analysis. Based on rating score of 216 AET items, 11 occupation cluster groups were formed according to hierarchical cluster analysis. The profile analysis was applied to describe the features and occupational stress factors for each cluster group.

应用图象分析对各类职业的劳动系统特征进行了描述，并对劳动系统中可能存在的紧张因素作了分析，结果表明中年职工的多数职业类型具有10项以上的紧张因素，比较常见的因素是工作时间长、缺少工间休息、不良劳动环境和不合理的劳动制度。

The passage holds the idea that money was born to solve about---mentioned problems. Money is not only a means of weighing up and recording efficient labor, but also a guarantee of requiring return. To work efficiently under currency recording can help complicated cooperation carry out in large scale and rapidly accelerate social wealth.

本文认为货币为因解决上述的问题而诞生，它不仅是有效劳动的衡量手段，也是对有效劳动的记录手段；通过这样的方式，即货币对有效劳动的记录，社会大范围内关系复杂的劳动得以展开，社会财富得以增加。

Topics discussed include labor supply, labor demand, labor market equilibrium, wage differential, human capital and investment, labor mobility, labor market discrimination, and work incentives.

包含的主题有劳动供给、劳动需求、劳动均衡、补偿薪资差异、人力资本投资、劳动力迁徙、劳动市场歧视与工作动机。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。