劳动

In his discussion of productive and nonproductive labor, Marx demonstrated that the wages of those employed in nonproductive labor—that is, those who are not engaged in production of surplus value—are determined by the wage levels of productive workers engaged in comparable labor.

在关于生产性劳动和非生产性劳动的论述中，马克思指出了被雇用的非生产劳动——即不参与剩余价值生产的劳动——的工资是由参加这种生产的生产工人的工资水平决定的。

Labor is the key conception of theory of labor value, which is the unity of physical labor and metal work.

劳动是劳动价值论的核心概念，它是体力劳动和脑力劳动的统一，包括科技和管理在内的脑力劳动也是创造价值的生产性劳动。

Know labor scope correctly, to renewing labor idea, innovation and development Marxism labor are talked and labor theory of value, have principal academic port and practice sense.

正确认识劳动范畴，对更新劳动观念，创新和发展马克思主义劳动论和劳动价值论，有重要的理论意义和实践意义。

Labor vanquishes all---not inconstant, spasmodic, or ill-directed labor; but faithful, unremitting, daily effort toward a well-directed purpose.

劳动征服一切。这里所指的劳动不是断断续续的，间歇性的或方向偏差的劳动，而是坚定的，不懈的，方向正确的每日劳动。

But, on the other hand, the industry which operates immediately upon the soil has, as we shall see hereafter, some properties on which many important consequences depend, and which distinguish it from all the subsequent stages of production, whether carried on by the same person or not; from the industry of the thresher and winnower, as much as from that of the cotton-spinner.

但另一方面，我们将看到，直接和土地打交道的劳动，具有某些特殊性质，这些性质会造成很多重要后果，并使这种劳动和所有随后的生产阶段有所区别，不论随后的生产活动是否由同一个人进行，使它既与打谷者和扬谷者的劳动有所区别，又与纺纱工的劳动有所区别。

Three points of veiw onMarx's theory of labour and labour value being raised incurrent academic as new phenomena and problems appearing inthe economic development in our country with the importantreform of economic system,the arguments focus on three basicquestions about the theory of labour and labour valu

伴随着经济体制的重大改革，我国的经济发展中出现了一些新现象和新问题，理论界对如何深化马克思的劳动和劳动价值论有三种不同的观点，争论的焦点集中在三个有关劳动和劳动价值论的基本问题上。

Article 6 In a dispute of labor, if the dispute is caused by the employing entity's decision of kickout, removal from the name roll, dismissal, dissolution of contract, reducing remuneration, calculation of working years of the laborer, the employing entity shall be responsible for producing evidences.

第六条 在劳动争议纠纷案件中，因用人单位作出开除、除名、辞退、解除劳动合同、减少劳动报酬、计算劳动者工作年限等决定而发生劳动争议的，由用人单位负举证责任。

Based on Marx's theory that value is created by live labor,the article develops "the motorial law of value quantity and productivity of labor"of the laborvalue theory in a creative way,and it holds that statement on reversed movement of the productivity and value quantity is not the entire state but a kind of practical state,and the statement does not fully adapt to vertical analysis;the article emphasizes that,generally speaking,because of that,the improvement of productivity of labor in the realistic eco...

本文在坚持马克思关于活劳动创造价值的理论基础上，对&商品价值量与劳动生产率变动规律&这一劳动价值论的重要内容作一新的创造性发展，认为关于劳动生产率与商品价值量反向运动的表述只是一种实际状态，而非全部状态，且不完全适应纵向分析；强调就一般意义上讲，个别企业、同一部门或行业和全社会的劳动生产率提高，会使商品价值总量呈现出增长趋势。

In the third part we reveals the fundamental reason of alienated labour and how to sublate it.The private ownership is the fundamental reason of alienated labour and the producing mode of capitalistic industrialization makes the alienated labour reach its stratosphere.

第三部分揭示了异化劳动的根源及其扬弃途径：私有制是异化劳动存在的根源，资本主义的工业化大生产是异化劳动的最高表现；工人阶级必须通过阶级斗争消灭私有制，从而扬弃异化劳动，实现人的复归的共产主义社会。

At present,the labor relation of China is in the state of rather unharmonious,whilst there are some ways to accomplish the harmonious labor relationship.

社会关系的和谐是和谐社会的根本，而劳动关系是现代经济社会中最重要也是最基本的社会关系，恩格斯指出，&资本和劳动的关系是我们全部社会关系所围绕旋转的轴心&，[1]劳动关系和谐与否，不仅仅关涉到个人和家庭的利益，更关系到企业的发展和社会的稳定，因此在社会主义市场经济条件下，和谐的劳动关系是构建和谐社会的基础。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。