劳动

It can oppose the third part in conditions. From the point of view of the value of the law, the priority of labor"s creditor"s right takes the value to protecting live value of the human being, to preserving the social equality and justice, to protecting the puny, to dispersing the social risks, to protecting the basic human rights. According to the institutional theories of law, the priority of labor"s creditor"s right has the important value that it can realize justice; optimize the allocation of the risks, encourage people to supervising the discharge of the labor"s creditor"s right. On the basis of the sociology of law, the priority of labor"s creditor"s right is the social demands development and has strong social sense.

从法的价值理念的角度看，劳动债权优先权制度秉承的保护人类的生存价值，维护社会公平正义，保护弱势群体，分散社会风险，保护基本人权，推行保护劳动者的社会政策的价值理念；从制度法学的角度看，劳动债权优先权制度具有实现公平、优化风险配置、激励社会力量对劳动债权的及时清偿进行监督和督促的重要制度价值；从法社会学的角度看，劳动债权优先权制度是社会发展的需要，具有很强的社会意义。

In spite of that, in the government and enterprises, some department and some people with power abuse their power in assigning benefit to obtain the professional privilege benefit in the way of super economic assignation pattern, and it made the entire assignation pattern of benefit more unreasonable.

导致国有企业职工劳动积极性低落的关键原因就在于职工在与企业劳动交换中所获得的经济报酬较少，与职工付出的劳动不相称，这是由职工与国有企业劳动交换的权力结构和利益格局不公平所造成的。

Article 12 No person shall be held in slavery or forced labor within the Republic, nor shall any citizen of Liberia nor any person resident therein deal in slaves or subject any other person to forced labor, debt bondage or peonage; but labor reasonably required in consequence of a court sentence or order conforming to acceptable labor standards, service in the military, work or service which forms part of normal civil obligations or service exacted in cases of emergency or calamity threatening the life or well being of the community shall not be deemed forced labor.

第十二条：共和国禁止畜奴或强迫劳动，利比里亚的任何公民和所有居住在利比里亚的人不得买卖奴隶或者强迫其他人进行强制劳动，成为债奴或以劳役抵债；但是法院判决或者符合劳工标准的适当的劳动，在军队服役、工作或履行其他正当的公民义务，或者在紧急情况或灾害威胁到人民的生命或福利的时候提供的劳动不视为强迫劳动。

In accordance with the Constitution, the State Council and state labor administration departments have promulgated laws and regulations regarding wages, welfare, worker safety and health, as well as vocational training and grading, working and resting hours, trade unions and democratic management of enterprises.

根据宪法，国务院和国家劳动行政主管部门颁布了关于劳动工资、劳动福利、劳动安全卫生、劳动者的职业培训和考核、劳动和休息时间、工会和企业民主管理等法规和规章。

The significance of the Chinese social assistance to learn the foreign workfare is that the lowest living security has widened the scope of recipients, but in the management of the recipients, the able-bodied and none-able-bodied recipients have not been differentiated. There is not special management method to the able-bodied recipients.

但在对被救助对象的管理中，并没有特别明确地去区分有劳动能力者和无劳动能力者，也就是说对有劳动能力和无劳动能力者所采取的各项措施基本上是一致的，还没有专门针对有劳动能力救助对象的特别的管理办法。

Our current labor dispute settlement system can not be suitable to the need of current settlement of labor dispute system because its period of settling the labor dispute is long in actual situation, giving heavy burden to litigant; the function of labor dispute mediation committee is limited, arbitrational system is not complete, tripartite principle exists in name only, there is no relevant evidence system, arbitration and litigation are difficult to link up and so on.

我国目前的劳动争议处理机制不适应现实劳动争议处理需求，造成实践中劳动争议处理周期过长，当事人负担重；在劳动争议的具体解决机制中，劳动争议调解委员会的作用有限，仲裁制度尚未形成完善的体系，三方性原则虚置，举证责任分配不明，仲裁与诉讼难以有效衔接等。

Under the capitalist condition, alienation labor makes the laborer's work alien from his products, his labor activity, his essence, and the relation between different laborers. We can get the goal of developing the useful and discarding the useless of the dissimilatory works through realization of communism only and have to eliminate the capitalist private ownership relation of work.

资本主义条件下的异化劳动使劳动者的劳动和他的劳动产品相异化、和他的劳动活动相异化、和他的类本质相异化、劳动者人与人的关系相异化，对异化的扬弃只有通过共产主义的实现才能完成，扬弃异化劳动必须消灭资本主义私有制。

Second, according to the debate of China's labor standards, the author believes that its theoretical origin lies in the different opinions on the nature of labor relations and the mode of regulation. Through complete analysis combining with the theory of international standards of labor rights'protection, the author holds the compatible viewpoint to understand the nature of labor relations, and supports the regulation mode of"defending the base line and preserving the vacancy".

其次，关于国内的劳动标准高低之争，作者认为其理论根源是对劳动关系的属性以及劳动关系调整模式的不同认识，通过分析并结合对劳动权保障国际标准的理论，作者主张以兼容性的观点理解劳动关系的属性，并建立&守住底线、留出空间&的劳动关系调整模式。

Secondly, the author analyses the present legislation situation of the present labor dispute processing mechanism from the have-been level, and deems that our labor legislation has constructed three kinds of labor dispute processing mechanism types in view of the three kinds of legal types of labor dispute, namely dispute processing mechanism type of fulfilling labor contract, dispute processing mechanism type of signing collective contract, dispute processing mechanism type of fulfilling collective contract.

其次从实然层面解析我国现行劳动争议处理机制的立法现状，认为我国劳动立法针对劳动争议的三种法定类型，构建了三种劳动争议处理机制类型，即劳动合同争议处理机制、集体合同履行争议处理机制、集体合同签订争议处理机制。

But labor relations of state-owned enterprises still have some problems, such as fuzzy concrete manifestation of the main parts' position of labor relations, unimplemented labor contractual relationship, continuous labor disputes, confused labor relations management, unsound legal regulation and control means.

但是国有企业劳动关系中仍存在一些问题，具体表现在：劳动关系主体地位模糊、劳动契约关系虚置、劳动争议不断、劳动关系管理混乱、法制化调控手段不健全等。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。