劳动

Medical labor has four characteristics, which are sociality、explorativeness、accurateness and cooperativeness.

医学劳动具有4个特性，即医学劳动的社会性、医学劳动的探索性、医学劳动的精确性和医学劳动的协作性。

Labor referred to in Marx′s theory of labor value consists of both manual labor and mental work which should be inseparable from each other.

马克思劳动价值论所指的劳动是由体力劳动和脑力劳动两个不可分割的部分组成，而现代西方学者把劳动价值和知识价值割裂开来，并用知识价值取代劳动价值。

It is also talking about the enrichment and development of the theory of the value of labor including the subject of labor,the extensity of labor,the diversity of its styles,the complexity of value calculation,the internationalization of its determinant and so forth.

要面向社会主义市场经济和现代化建设实际，丰富和发展劳动价值论，包括劳动的主体性、劳动范畴的广泛性、劳动形式的多样性、劳动价值计算的复杂性、劳动价值决定的国际性等诸多方面。

Before "Labor Contract Law" enacted, views for the liquidated damages of labor contract are different between the theory and practice communities sectors, national legislation and local legislation, reflected in the following three theories: freedom, restriction and forbiddance. Finally,"Labor Contract Law", which is started to implement on 1 January, 2008, supports the theory of restricting the liquidated damages of labor contract.

在《劳动合同法》颁布以前，理论界与实务界，国家立法与地方立法都存在着较大分歧，归纳而言主要体现为以下三种学说：任意劳动合同违约金说、禁止劳动合同违约金说及限制劳动合同违约金说。2008年1月1日开始施行的《劳动合同法》最终将落脚点立于限制说之上。

Following the principle of putting the people first, timely and effectively settling labor disputes, building a harmonious employment relationships,bold reforms in the existing system of labor disputes settlement in China was made by adopting the Law on Mediation and Arbitration of Labor Disputes, whereby problems occurring along the current labor dispute settlement proceeding in China such as the excessive long period of dispute settlement, too short period of time limit of application for arbitration and high cost of dispute settlement etc.

劳动争议调解仲裁法》本着以人为本、及时有效地解决劳动争议、建构和谐的劳动用工关系的原则，针对我国现行的劳动争议处理制度进行了大胆的改革，有效地解决了我国现行劳动争议处理过程中存在的争议处理周期过长、申请仲裁时效过短和争议处理成本过高等问题。

We can examine formulation,development and rheology of concept of working in details from four respects which is the labour process,the labor force,the form of how to achieve the work,the collaborative working methods.

可以从四个方面——劳动过程、劳动力、劳动的实现形态、劳动的协同方式—对劳动概念的生成、发展及流变加以详察，通过对比分析凸显出劳动规定的内在意涵。

And in contrast to that, the proportion of labor that appears as service and technological or managerial works is increasing, and more importantly, is playing a multiplicand role in elevation of labor productivity.

从狭义来看，劳动是人运用自己的体力和智力借助劳动资料作用于劳动对象创造物质资料形态的使用价值的过程；而广义的劳动还包括与物质资料的生产过程相联系的服务劳动、监督劳动、科技劳动以及表演、艺术等活动。

Article VII of female workers during pregnancy, where the units are not provided for their country to engage in physical strength of the third class of labor and pregnancy taboo to engage in labor, not outside the normal working day extension of working hours; of the original work should not competent, should be based on proof of the Medical Department, reduced the amount of labor or other work arrangements.

第七条女职工在怀孕期间，所在单位不得安排其从事国家规定的第三级体力劳动强度的劳动和孕期禁忌从事的劳动，不得在正常劳动日以外延长劳动时间；对不能胜任原劳动的，应当根据医务部门的证明，予以减轻劳动量或者安排其他劳动。

Analyzing legislating background of Labour Contract,discussing the active meaning of implementing Labour Contract,its bringing impack on enterpriseamd avoiding actions caused by Labour Contract,we suggestt that Labour Contract tried to transform bypast imbalanced relationship between labour and capital into new balance approved by two parti...

本文首先分析劳动合同法的出台背景；其次，探讨劳动合同法实施的积极意义、带给企业的冲击及由此引发的企业形形色色的规避行为；最后，就破解劳动合同法困境提出建议：新劳动合同法寻求把原来不平衡的劳资关系转变为劳资关系当事人认可的新的平衡，而新的劳资平衡关系形成使得新劳动合同法的实施陷入了困局，金融危机下，劳动合同法的实施应该更加重视兼顾劳资双方的利益，而国家在构建和谐的劳资关系中必须发挥中立、权威的裁判者的作用。

In Part I, in order to make dear of the basis of the construction of reeducation through labor according to low, the couther first identity the character of this system On the base of fully demonstrating its character and extension the author divide it into two parts: administrative reeducation through labor and penal reeducation through labor.

准确定位劳动教养的性质是建构法治化劳动教养制度的前提，第三部分在充分论证劳动教养对象的性质和范围的基础上，将劳动教养定性为行政性的劳动教养和刑事性的劳动教养。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。