助动词

The "nari" was found in early ancient ballad, widely used in waka, monogatari in the period of heian, and changed stepwise in middle ages. a part of it still remains in modern japanese and becomes the remainder phenomenon in written japanese.

本文以较为典型的日语文语断定助动词"なり"为例，对其演变及其文语残留现象予以梳理，探求语言发展的某种趋势和规律。

Secondly, Chinese learners use much more the copular verb be, but less the auxiliary verb be.

第二，中国学习者多用系动词BE而少用助动词BE。

On the basis of this alternative analysis, I also try to propose a more accurate delineation of subjective and objective functions in the English modal auxiliary system:As to epistemic modality, epistemic modality becomes echoic under the influence of conditionality, is not subject to distinctions of tense, and usually shifts its orientation under the influence of interrogation.

主观情态具有情态行事功能；客观情态具有非情态行事功能。从这个角度就可以解释清楚以往区分标准中出现的问题和矛盾，就可以对英语情态助动词主客观区别做出更准确的描述：推测情态总是主观的，在条件句的影响下，会产生回声现象；不受时态的影响；疑问句中，该情态往往会指向受话者。

Convenience of handling methods,③the time factor and reliability of the car rier,④the sea

本句中，由when 引导的是个省略了主语we 和助动词are 的时间状语从句when

Only tari still displayed its activeness as it had absorbed most meanings of the mentioned auxiliary; afterwards,it evolved into ta in modern Japanese.

吸收了这些助动词的大部分语义而依然活跃，其后，又逐渐演变成了现代日语中的？た？。因此，现代日语中的？た？

After the discussion of the theory, a large proportion will be contributed to the more complex Chinese ellipsis constructions, which will be considered in two types under the VP-shell theory: the elided part preceded by auxiliaries shi "be/do" and the Chinese null object construction. The former type falls into the explaining scope of the proposed theory, while the latter involves V-to-v raising plus deletion of the empty VP and therefore VPE takes place following a light verb instead of the Infl node as English VPE does.

通过VP-shell理论分析可看出汉语和英语的动词省略在结构上是不同的，在汉语空宾语结构中，ASyntaetie一semantiePersPeetivetoVP一elllPslsintheTransformational一GenerativeFrameworkvP一elliPsis实际上发生在主动词到轻动词的移动之后，省略部分紧跟着轻动词而不是助动词，而英语中的vP一elliPsis是包括轻动词在内的整个动词词组的省略。

On the base of this definition, we determine the approximate scope of the Adverbs and differentiate the Adverbs from verb, adjective, temporal noun, pronoun.

据此定义，确定了现代汉语副词大致涵盖的范围，将副词同形容词、时间名词、助动词和代词等相关词类区分开来。

Other syntactic categories are Sentence, Determiner, Adjective, Pronoun, Verb, Auxiliary Verb, Prepositional Phrase, and Adverb.

其他类别的句子句法的限定词，形容词，代词，动词，助动词，介词短语和副词。

Finally, the issue of semantic direction of the adverbs is discussed.

最后讨论了唐代萌芽的助动词&用&。

In Part Two, the semantic categories are subclassified in detail, and it is noticed that the difficult point lies in understanding the notions of possibility and necessity, since both can be divided into epistemic, deontic modality and the one between the two.

但因可能性和必须性又有不同程度，可分为epistemic认识性和deontic义务性以及介于两者之间的三种程度，程度不同意义也就不同，这方面的助动词意义难以把握。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。