助动词

Then "得" evolved gradually into an aspectual particle and a structural particle along two respective meaning lines:"obtain" and "can".

得"字第一次重要演变是先秦时期从一般动词转化为助动词；然后"得"沿着"得到"、"能够两个方向逐步演化为动态助词和结构助词。

Used in auxiliary function to express a present condition contrary to fact.

当助动词用，表与事实相反的现在情况。

Used in auxiliary function as a polite alternative to may.

当助动词用，替代may，以表客气可以。

Used in auxiliary function to express less probability or possibility than may.

当助动词用，表不太可能或许可以。

After graduation/liberation; all night long; at dinner; at first; at last; at night; at noon; at once; at present; at war; at work; from time to time; for sale; in life; in need; in need of; in time; in time of; on duty; on sale; on show; on strike; on time; on watch at hand; in bed; in camp; in public; in space; in town; on top of; at/in peace with; beyond reach of; out of reach; within reach; in colour; in character; in debt; in fact; in half/into halves; in honour of; in line; in order; in price; in rags; in operation; in return; in search of; in use; for example; out of breath; out of danger; out of order; out of sight; on guard; on fire; without pride; under construction/ repair,etc.

第八章 动词与动词短语一，动词的分类从其含义来分，动词可分为行为动词，连系动词，情态动词和助动词四类：类别行为动词及物动词特点有完整的意义，能独立作谓语，可以有宾语，可以有被动语态有完整的意义，能独立作谓语，不带宾语，没有被动语态表示相对静止的状态表示短暂动作不能持续，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用动作可以持续，可以同表示一段时间的状语连用表示具有某种性质，特征和出于某种状态表示动词的动作和过程所产生的结果或状态表示某种持续的状态表示说话人对所说行为的看法，必须与其他动词一起构成谓语。

Its tremendous output of dairy products have earned the state of Wisconsin the title of America's Dairyland.

测试点：主谓数的一致。分析：主语是单数的output，助动词也要与其一致，用单数形式has。

This phenomenon has something to do with the big number of auxiliaries to show tense or time and the exquisiteness as a result of it.

的这种多义现象与古日语中表现"时"的助动词多，表现精微细致有关。

" Do you go to the pictures with your wife ?"" Sometimes I do."

如果和另一助动词一起用，要用 do so 这个形式

Had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold. You'd be..

had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。

59B 59B iceoutside His studies of ice-polished rocks in his Alpine homeland, far outside the range of presentpresent-day glaciers, led Louis Agassiz in 1837 to propose the concept of an age in whick great ice sheets had existed in now currently temperate areas.

an age + in which / when 时态问题：发生在过去的动作要用一般过去式，不能用过去完成时 now 和 currently 语意重复副词的位置：now 放在系动词，助动词的后面，普通动词的前面，以及动词短语的中间。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。