动荡的

The most pressing longer-term question facing China is whether its authoritarian regime can manage the challenges created by the rapid growth on which its tenuous legitimacy depends; or whether dealing with growing inequality, corruption, popular unrest and, possibly, stronger demands for political enfranchisement will stretch the system to breaking point.

在中国，共**政权脆弱的合法性建立在经济的迅速增长之上，而它面临的最为紧迫的长期性问题就是，其专制政体能否应付这种增长所带来的挑战；或者说，中国政府对日益严重的贫富差距、贪污腐败、社会动荡乃至人们愈加强烈的政治解放需求的处理，是否会将中国的政治体系推向崩溃的边缘。

The second chapter discusses the deep-layer reason of the formation of the belief from the two layers-classical thought and the general knowledge, thought and belief, analyzes deeply the factors of promoting the formation of the belief. We think the decisive power for the formation of the belief was still man" s longing for everlasting life, happiness and freedom. The human-centered reason provoked directly man" s wishes of magnifying life power and seeking the freedom of spirits; The turbulent social environment stimulated man s thirst for life and happiness; The free atmosphere of thought made it possible for the people to develop fully their imagination and to show fully the power of human nature; The thought of Taoist School and Yin-Yang Wu Xing provided the theory basis for the formation of immortal belief.

本文第二章从精英思想和一般知识、思想与信仰两个层面上探讨神仙观念形成的深层动因，对促进神仙观念形成的各种因素进行深入分析后，认为，对神仙观念形成起决定作用的仍是人们对生命永恒与快乐自由的追求，"人本理性"直接刺激了人们张大个体生命力量、追求精神自由的深层愿望；动荡、混乱、战争频仍的社会环境激发了人们对生存与快乐的渴望；自由的思想氛围使人们可以充分发挥他们的想象，充分彰显人性的力量；道家、阴阳五行思想为神仙信仰的形成提供了理论依据。

Firstly, most articles about Hong Kong by Taiwanese authors during 1950s and 1960s featured transients and refugees, revealing the tumultuous Hong Kong society in early 1950s. Secondly, in their writings between 1970s and 1980s, most Taiwanese writers either vented their thinking of the motherland or witness the moment of political transform and opening-up or directly throw themselves in the rising wave in Hong Kong of the pursuit of their Hong Kong and emotion identities, which offers insight into the social phenomena and the concerns over the future of the city. Thirdly, before and after Hong Kong's return to China in 1997, Taiwanese authors had in-depth observation and comprehension of the atmosphere and ambience in Hong Kong at the time. Lastly, in the new era after the return of Hong Kong, Taiwanese authors started to excavate, using their unique esthetic views and values, the pleb culture that can best represent the spirit of Hong Kong and in the meantime constructed the distinctive landscape of sense of taste and memory of Hong Kong beyond its skyscrapers.

首先，一九五○至六○年代的台湾作家的香港书写，以过客和难民为主角，呈现出五○年代初期政治动荡下的香港社会景况；其次，一九七○至八○年代的台湾作家在作品里抒发家国思念之情、见证两岸政治转型开放时刻，或是直接投入香港本土兴起对於本土身分与认同情感追寻的热潮，对於香港社会百态及前途问题皆有深刻的见解；再者，於香港九七回归前后，台湾作家对当时香港氛围有深刻的观察和体会；最后，在九七后的新世纪香港，台湾作家以独特的审美观与价值观，挖掘最能代表香港精神的庶民文化，并在标帜香港特色的摩天大厦群之外建构出独特的香港味觉景观与记忆。

But what made the second annual Summer Davos in China different, of course （last year's was held in the northeastern coastal city of Dalian）, was the backdrop: first, a grimy, largely industrial port city－a far cry from the snow-clad Alps of Davos; much more importantly, the unprecedented turmoil in the world's financial system that dominated discussion for the 2,000 attendees.

但让在中国举行的第二届夏季达沃斯年会显得与众不同的无疑是其背景（首届夏季达沃斯年会在中国东北沿海城市大连举行）：首先，天津是一个污染严重的大型工业港口城市，同矗立在白雪皑皑的阿尔卑斯山脉之下的达沃斯远隔千山万水；而更重要的是，全球金融体系发生的规模空前的动荡成为2000名与会者探讨的主要议题。

There is too much embedded welfare in Europe to support capital formation; serous unwinding of welfare in a continent of high unemployment will cause serious social unrest. The economy will be paralyzed, which is a step worse than stagnation. Stagnant societies can act; paralyzed societies cannot. Europe's failure to create an independent military was always the Damoclean Sword of the Euro.

欧洲在支持资本的形成中有太多嵌入的福利，在一个高失业率的欧洲，对福利的降低会造成严重的社会动荡，经济会瘫痪，这种经济瘫痪比停滞更加严重，经济停滞的社会还能够运行，瘫痪的社会无法运行，欧洲未能创建独立的军队将成为欧洲的达摩克里斯之剑。

The author himself has been experiencing the turbulence of Chinese securities market, and has the same feeling of greed of human beings in securities market with the minority investors, and has apperceived the impact on law especially civil and commercial law imposed by the concept of right-orientation and the principle of good faith, so it is natural that the author chooses the Civil Liability of Securities Fraud to be the topic of his graduation thesis.

作者亲身体验了中国证券市场的动荡，并对通过证券市场表现出来的人性贪婪的一面与弱势投资者感同身受，加之数年受法律尤其是民商法权利本位、诚实信用观念的冲击，于是有了本文便是自然而然的事情了。全文除了前言和结语外，分为三个部分，计三万八千余字。第一部分，首先对全文的两个关键词——证券和证券市场依据国内立法作出了界定。证券是经济发展到一定阶段的产物，指的是记载并且代表一定权利的凭证。

It's always been the fate of the proletariat to overthrow the capital and property holders. While revolution might create turbulence in society, it is only through revolution that resources will be redistributed, that the old system of society will be struck down, that further development can be obtained. Armed revolutions of the past have always taken place because society had no democratic system, as well as the corresponding imbalance in distribution of society's resources. Despite the government's current effort to develop democracy, one can still see the results have not been great. From government officials down to flat-headed common folk, everyone's working hard to get a piece of the pie. Who cares about democracy?

从来都是无产者革资产者的命，革命本身会造成社会的动荡，但唯有彻底的革命资源才能重新分配，才能打破旧的制度社会才能得到进一步发展，历来的武装革命都是因为社会没有民主制度以及相应的社会资源分配不均衡所导致的唯一的也是必然的选择，然而如今虽然政府也在大力发展民主政治，但可以看到收效不大，从政府官员到平头百姓都在为眼前利益奔忙，谁管什么民主，民主离我们太远了！

Japanese folk melody usually have two categories is quiet simple, like "cherry" and "Four Seasons", a simple melody to the extreme, the range is limited to one octave, with a flat in the United States and sad ; The other is just the opposite of melody turbulent ups and downs, a large range span, shallow Diyin to sing in the climax of the potential for sudden, the sound is the heart Dang Shen Yao, the highest Chang Dao, often an issue of the Songran Vibrato, the movie "Station" theme song is a case in point,"Beiguozhichun" has the taste of this, the singers sang songs of this kind from time to time to stir up the audience fanatical passion.

日本民歌的旋律通常有两类，一类是宁静单纯的，像《樱花》、《四季》那样，旋律简单到了极点，音域只限于一个八度，平淡中带着一股伤感的美；另一类刚好相反，旋律动荡起伏，音域跨度很大，浅唱低吟中潜伏着突发的高潮，听来令人心荡神摇，唱到最高处，往往会发出一种令人悚然的颤音，电影《车站》的主题歌就是典型的例子，《北国之春》也有这种味道，歌手在演唱这一类歌曲时常能煽起听众狂热的激情。

In a sense, because this period was not only an end of the national tribulation, but also a beginning of China to seek ask again for jump-off point of history from politicals economics thinking and cultural viewpoint, it was filled with anxiety rooted in turbulence and change. It was after Culture Revolution that the narration of tribulation in literature reflected more about the complexity s contradiction and turbulence of the society, and more about some basic conditions of mankind.

从某种意义上说，这段时期因为既是&文革&这一民族性苦难的终结，也是中国社会在政治、经济、思想、文化层面重寻历史起点的开始，因此而充满着动荡和变易的焦灼；文学中的苦难叙述也更能折射出复杂、矛盾、游移不定的时代特性，更能表现出人类的某种根本处境。

The same tendency was displayed in the work of Febronius, condemned (1764) by Clement XIII; and, instilled into Joseph II by his councillor Godefried van Swieten, a disciple of the revolted church of Utrecht, it became the principle of the innovations and ecclesiastical upheavals decreed by the sacristan-emperor.

同样的趋势显示在工作费布罗纽斯，谴责（ 1764年）由克莱门特第十三，以及灌输约瑟夫二世他的议员雷德弗里德车斯威坦，弟子的反抗，教会的乌得勒支，它成为的原则，创新和教会动荡颁布的由教堂-皇帝

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。