动脉下的

Six cases were found to have normal direction of flow,but in the functional test of the involved upper limb,the reversal flow peak value of the ill vertebral artery increased,or the direction of flow turned from normal to reverse.2-dimensional ultrasound showed that 90% of subclavian steal syndrome were caused by arteriosclerosis,10% caused by aortitis.

结果 TCD检查时，24例患者中18例均表现为椎动脉血流反向，肢体束臂试验反向血流增加，6例血流方向正常，束臂试验患侧椎动脉反向峰值血流速度增快，或由正向变为反向。二维超声示引起锁骨下动脉盗血综合征的病因动脉硬化占90％，大动脉炎占10%。

2The anterior cutereous branches of the obturator artery penetrate deepfascia of thigh and epimysium of the adductor muscles closing against the lower rami of pubisor at its outer margin.Pudendal-thigh skin flap pedicled on it may be elevated to repairrectovaginal fistula or small skin defects of perineum.As its piercing point is much higher andthe location of pedicle is more fixed because of restriction of pubic rami,it is not suited toreconstruct new vagina.Moreover,it is not appropriate naming the obturator aretry(or themedial femoral circumflex artery)the pudendal-thigh artery.

闭孔动脉前皮支紧邻耻骨下支或于其外侧缘，穿大腿深筋膜和内收肌肌膜浅出，以之为蒂可以形成皮下蒂阴股沟岛状皮瓣，用于阴道直肠瘘或会阴部较小皮肤缺损的修复，但由于闭孔动静脉前皮支浅出点位置较高，并且由于耻骨下支的阻挡和限制，致使血管蒂的位置较为固定，以之为蒂形成的阴股沟皮瓣不适宜用于阴道再造；另外，将闭孔动脉命名为阴股沟动脉，也有欠妥帖。

Methods and results We assume the carotid arterial wall is the elastic material so we can use the Hooke's law to analyze it. The experiment is based on the use of ultrasound B-mode imaging technique and the off-line image analysis. Elastic tube phantom experiments demonstrated the validity of the technique, providing the size of the tube within 3% of the actual values. The system was also tested in the common carotid arteries of 10 healthy males (age 23.6 y). According to the experimental result, it shows that our index is less variant than Peterson's elastic modulus. The results of and are and respectively.

根据橡皮管的体外实验结果，利用超音波以及影像分析所得到的橡皮管尺寸，与实际尺寸间的误差只有3%，而使用超音波 B-mode 量测颈动脉的实验结果显示，在把颈动脉当作完全弹性体的假设下，所得到的 CIMT 硬度指标，於十位平均年龄为23.6岁的年轻健康男性中，结果与过去文献中常使用的 Peterson's elastic modulus 相比较，结果显示容易受到不同受试者间，不同的生理状态之影响，而在考虑受试者的 IMT 变化情况下，比能够反映更多的受试者颈动脉材料性质，因此得到了较为稳定的实验结果。

The superficial blood vessels could cross two or more pulmonary lobules, and the pleural superficial blood vessels and the interlobular blood vessels were mutual transitional. The outlines of lobules composed of vascular networks were various in size and form, and the lobular septa were also different in depth. The subpleural arterioles could be divided into arteriole, terminal arteriole, precapillary arteriole and capillary in turn according to the branching sequence of themselves. The plate-like, sieve-like and web-like vascular networks occurred in the subpleural microvascular networks.

胸膜面浅层的血管可以跨越两个或多个肺小叶表面，浅层的血管可与小叶间隔的微血管之间相互移行；由微血管网形成的肺小叶的轮廓大小不等、形态各异，小叶间隔的深度也有所不同；胸膜下微动脉可根据逐级分支的顺序将其分为微动脉、终末微动脉、毛细血管前微动脉和毛细血管；胸膜下毛细血管网中可见板块状、筛网状和网络状血管网。

Methods The anatomical structures correlative with submental artery,submental vein,anteroventral portion of digastric muscle and mandibular periosteum in 23(46 sides)cephalocervical samples were measured.

结果 颏下动脉为面动脉的恒定分支，走行于下颌下腺与下颌骨下缘之间，恒定分支供应二腹肌前腹和下颌骨骨膜，并与对侧有广泛的吻合支。

Results: Lateral extradural approach could be used to expose the second and third branches of trigeminal nerve,trigeminal ganglion,posterior vertical segment of the intrapetrosal ICA,abducent nerve and horizontal segment of the intrapetrosal ICA;lateral intradural approach could be used to expose the lateral,anteroinferior and posterosuperior venous spaces,almost all the cranial nerves within the cavernous sinus and horizontal segments of the intracavernous ICA;superior approach could be used to expose the medial,lateral and posterosuperior venous spaces,medial side of the anterior genu,anterior vertical and clinoidal segments of the intracavernous ICA and the lateral side of the hypophysis.

结果：外侧硬膜外入路可用于显露三叉神经第2、3支，三叉神经节，海绵窦内颈内动脉后垂直段，外展神经及岩骨颈内动脉水平段；侧方硬膜下入路可用于显露海绵窦外侧及前下，后上静脉间隙，以及所有走行在海绵窦内的颅神经和海绵窦内颈内动脉水平段；上方入路可用于显露海绵窦内侧、外侧及后上间隙，海绵窦内ICA水平段、前膝、前垂直段及床突段的内侧面，以及垂体的外侧面。

Objective:To sum up the clinical experience of subclavian artery serious stegnosis or occlusion treated with the stent implantation from humerus artery.

目的：探讨经肱动脉路径行锁骨下动脉支架植入治疗重度锁骨下动脉狭窄和闭塞的疗效。

Continuing inferiorly and anteriorly , the main trunk runs superficial to the internal carotid artery but deep to the jugular vein , external carotid artery , and styloid process to the deep surface of the stylopharyngeus muscle , which it innervates . The glossopharyngeal branch to the pharyngeal plexlus leaves the nerve trunk by the time it has crossed the stylopharyngeus muscle , and passes anteriorly and inferiorly between the internal and external carotid arteries to the main trunk to join branches of the Vagus Nerve and the cervical sympathetic nerves to form the pharyngeal plexus on the middle constrictor muscle at the level of the hyoid bone .

舌咽神经主干继续向下、向前走行于颈内动脉的表面、颈内静脉、颈外动脉及茎突的深面，横过茎突咽肌深面，绕该肌中部下缘弯向前行，并发出分支支配该肌，穿过茎突咽肌后，舌咽神经的分支一咽支脱离主干，向下向前走行于颈内动脉及颈外动脉分叉处，与迷走神经的分支及颈交感神经的分支一起组成咽丛，咽丛位于舌骨水平的咽中缩肌上。

Objective: To compare results of blood supply of composite mandibular flaps in the blood supply pedicles with external maxillary artery and inferior dental artery and only with external maxillary artery.

目的：比较以颌外动脉为供血蒂和以颌外动脉及颌内动脉分支下齿槽动脉共同形成供血蒂的下颌区复合组织瓣的血供差异。

Results The length between posterior superior iliac spine and greater trochanter of femur was (15.2±1.35) cm for man and (11.5±0.72) cm for woman; the length between posterior superior iliac spine and ischial tuberosity was (13.3±0.87) cm in man and (10.3±0.49) cm in woman; the length between greater trochanter of femur and ischial tuberosity was (8.3±0.83) cm in man and (5.5±0.61) cm in woman; the surface projection where the superior gluteal artery, superior gluteal veins and superior gluteal nerve permeate the suprapitiform foramen was below the point 0～6.8 mm between 2/5 superior and middle trunk from posterior superior iliac spine to greater trochanter of femur; the surface projection where the inferior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal veins and inferior gluteal nerve permeate the infrapiriform foramen was at the point between 2/5 inferior and middle trunk from posterior superior iliac spine to ischial tuberosity; the surface projection where sciatic nerve permeate the infrapiriform foramen was at the point between 3/5 lateral and middle trunk from ischial tuberosity to greater trochanter of femur.

结果臀三角各边的长度分别为：髂后上棘转子间距，男(15.2±1.35) cm，女(11.5±0.72) cm；髂后上棘结节间距，男(13.3±0.87) cm，女(10.3±0.49) cm；转子结节间距，男(8.3±0.83) cm，女(5.5±0.61) cm。臀上动脉、静脉、神经出入梨状肌上孔的体表投影在髂后上棘与大转子连线中、上2/5交界处向下0～6.8 mm内；臀下动脉、静脉、神经出入梨状肌下孔处的体表投影在髂后上棘与坐骨结节连线中、下2/5处；坐骨神经出梨状肌下孔处的体表投影在坐骨结节与大转子连线中外3/5处。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。