动脉下的

The results in this paper are possesses an important meaning to the position of the ostium of frontal sinus, adjacency relation and prevent anterior ethmoid artery from the risk of injury.

四、结论本文的结果对鼻内镜下额窦手术的额窦口定位、与毗邻的关系以及预防筛前动脉的损伤有其重要的指导意义。

Objective To investigate the feasibility of endoscopic nasal surgery for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma to avoid complications of routine surgeries.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed for six patients'clinical records from June2002to June2004.Endoscopic nasal surgery and other techniques such as CT,MRI,digital substract angiography,Controlled-hypotention anesthesia and preoperative feeding artery embolism had been used.Results No complication had occurred.

目的 避免常规手术的并发症，探讨经鼻内镜引导下鼻咽纤维血管瘤切除术的可行性方法回顾性分析从2002年6月～2004年6月收治的6例经鼻内镜手术治疗的鼻咽纤维血管瘤患者的临床资料，术均行CT或MRI检查，了解瘤体小及部位，行字减影血管造影了解瘤体血供，术前采用供血动脉栓塞，术中采用控制性低血压技术。

The abdominal wall in the left lower quadrant, 2 finger breadths (3 cm) cephalad and 2 finger breadths medial to the anterior superior iliac spine, has been shown to be thinner and with a larger pool of fluid than the midline and is usually a good choice for needle insertion for performance of a therapeutic paracentesis.27 The right lower quadrant may be a suboptimal choice in the setting of a dilated cecum or an appendectomy scar.

在过去，常常将腹部正中线耻骨与肚脐中间定为穿刺点，现在，由于腹腔穿刺引流大量液体以及腹中部脂肪厚度增加，左下腹成为腹腔穿刺部位（表1），在左下腹部中线至髂前上棘连线上2指宽（3cm）与距髂前上棘2指宽，已经显示较中部脂肪少及腹水较多是治疗性腹腔穿刺好的首选部位27，在盲肠有扩张或阑尾切除术后瘢痕时右下腹是次选的穿刺部位，应避开腹壁下动脉，这些血管走行在耻骨与髂前上棘之间的中线然后在腹直肌中向上行走，，腹壁可见的侧支循环亦应该避开，腹腔镜检查发现侧支循环可出现在中线并且在腹腔穿刺时有导致血管破裂的风险28。

Results VA and bone structures of the craniovertebral junction were clearly observed and measured in three-dimensional visualization. The exposure of dens was improved in one third condylectomy. However, the decision to perform condylectomy and its extent should be made based on relationship between abnormal dens and occipital condyle.

结果 三维可视化技术使枕颈结合处椎动脉和骨结构的三维构象得到清晰的观察和测量；入路中磨除1/3枕髁能改善齿状突的显露，但应结合病变状态下齿状突与枕髁等结构的关系决定是否磨除或磨除的范围。

There are four kind of isoforms of endothelin in human and other mammals named ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and ET-β, which are slightly different in construction and pharmacological effect. In human beings, ET-1 is the dominative subtypes. ET-1 remains in blood at a low level about 5ng per liter on physical state. It is synthesized, stored, released and metabolized locally. The half-life of ET-1 is about 1 hour. ET-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictive factor till now, and it is more functional in vein than in artery. In vascular bed, there are two kind of ET receptors. Type A mainly located in smooth muscle cells, whereas type B in endothelial cells. The latter can stimulate intimal hyperplasia via a parasecretion way and activate some oncogenes such as c-fos and c-myc and then enhance their expression. These alterations result in constriction of blood vessels, thus the SMC steps into proliferate state from silent state.

人及哺乳动物体内有四种结构及药理学性质略有差异的异物体，分别为ET-1、ET-2、ET-3、ET-β，而在人主要是ET-1，在生理条件下，ET-1在血浆中含量较低，约为5ng〓，故ET-1不是一个循环激素，而是局部合成释放，局部起作用的活性物质，半衰期约1小时，ET-1是目前已知的最强的血管收缩剂，对静脉的作用比动脉强，在血管床，ET受体有A、B两型，A型主要分布在平滑肌细胞，B型主要分布在内皮细胞，它可以通过旁分泌途径刺激内膜增生，具有有丝分裂原效应，可以激活某些癌基因如C-fos、C-myc使其表达增强引起血管收缩，使静止期SMC进入增殖期，还可以通过信号传导途径，与bFGF、GTF-β、PDGF等生长因子协同作用，起共有丝分裂原作用。

This malignancy is characterized by concomitant existence of carcinomatous and sarcomatoid components. Complete tumor excision typically leaves a considerable defect. This report presents a case of a 60-year-old male with carcinoscarcoma of the right chest wall who underwent wide excision. Reconstruction was achieved with lateral thoracic fasciocutaneous flap applied in a bibbed manner that allowed for low tension on the anastomosis.

这类肿瘤的特色是同时含有癌症及类肉瘤的成份所组成，肿瘤完全切除后通常会遗留下可观的缺损，我们提出一个60岁男性病患利用双叶侧胸动脉皮办重建胸部癌肉瘤的病例报告，双叶性的设计有助於伤口张力的降低。

Infant ; Facial nerve ; Blood supply to parotid gland

本文采用动脉灌注、手术显微镜下解剖的方法，对婴儿面神经颅外段的解剖特点以及腮腺血供进行了详细的观测，以期为临床腮腺手术提供可靠的解剖学资料。1 材料和方法选用 15具(30侧)新鲜婴儿尸体(女婴 10具，男婴 5具)，沿颈前正中线切开皮肤、浅筋

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。