动物解剖

An antivivisection movement in the late 19th century broadened its scope to include prevention of all cruelty to animals and later gave rise to the animal rights movement.

19世纪晚期的反活体解剖将范围扩大，防止对动物的所有残忍作为，后来并引起动物权运动。

Methods: 1. Experimental laparoscopic liver resection: We selected pigs as experimental models aiming to approach human beings physiological and anatomical condition. After CO2 pneumoperitoneum was established, the ligaments around liver were dissociated. Livers were cut off by the methods such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, ultrasound dissector, Ligsure dissection, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, and Endo-GIA switcher. The operation time and bleeding volume were compared between different methods of laparoscopic liver resection. The advantages and limitations of different methods were summarized. 2. Clinical laparoscopic liver resection: 15 cases with tumors in segment V of anterior right lobe or segments II, III of left lateral lobe or segment IV of left internal lobe were selected in this study. The liver diseases included hepatocellular cancer, hepatic cavernous hemangioma and hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. The ligaments around liver were dissociated after CO2 pneumoperitoneum established. Laparoscopic liver resection were carried out by some of the methods combined such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, ultrasound dissector, rotation and suction dissector.

1、实验性腹腔镜肝切除：以猪为实验动物，旨在接近人体的生理、解剖环境下进行实验，建立操作空间后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离切肝法、微波刀切肝法、超声刀切肝法、Ligsure切肝法、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除法、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法、Endo-GIA切肝法等方法实施腹腔镜下肝切除，比较不同切肝方法的手术时间、出血量，总结各种方法的优越性及其局限性。2、临床腹腔镜肝切除：选择肿瘤位于肝右前叶第Ⅴ段、肝左外叶第Ⅱ、Ⅲ段及左内叶第Ⅳ段的15例患者，病种包括原发性肝癌、肝海绵状血管瘤、肝脏局灶性增生，建立气腹后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离断肝、微波刀固化后断肝、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除、小切口腹腔镜辅助肝切除、超声刀断肝、旋吸断肝等多种方法分离切线肝组织，暴露管道结构，再采用高频电凝、钛夹夹闭、缝扎止血、止血纱布覆盖、氩气刀止血、生物胶止血、Endo-GIA处理等多种方法相结合处理肝断面，统计手术完成情况、手术时间、手术出血量、术后并发症及术后住院时间等，评价腹腔镜肝切除的可行性及安全性。

Methods: Rat models of chronic renal failure were made by cut 5/6 kindney or fed with feedingstuff which contains adenine(0.75%) for 4 weeks. Experimental treatment was applied by giving Yi Shen Granule and the curative effect of Yi Shen Granule on ongoing pathological changes of CRF was studied. According to the data of CRF rats in weight, water wastage, hemanalysis(RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV、MCH), urinalysis(volume, specific gravity, pH, proteinuria), blood serum analysis(BUN、Cre、ALB、TP), kidney weight coefficient and kidney morphology ( the grade of expansile renal tubule and the diameter of glomerulus ),the pharmacological effect of Yi Shen Granule could be ascertained.

实验选用0.75%腺嘌呤饲喂法致大鼠慢性肾衰模型和5/6肾切除法致大鼠肾衰模型，考察益肾颗粒对慢性肾功能衰竭进行性病变的影响，以造模动物一般状况观察、血液学指标包括红细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白(RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV、MCH)，尿液指标(尿量、比重SG、pH值、尿蛋白)、血清生化学指标包括尿素氮、肌酐、白蛋白、总蛋白(BUN、Cre、ALB、TP)、脏器解剖和病理观察指标(肾小管扩张分级评分和肾小球径长)做为判定依据。

Compatible with both micro-CT and conventional CT imaging systems, Fenestra, developed by Alerion, allows investigators to view anatomy and function in a wide variety of animal models.

Fenestra与微型CT和传统CT成像系统都能够兼容，是由Alerion公司研制开发的，允许研究人员能够在各种各样的动物模型之中观察解剖与功能的变化。

Its not and easy thing to dissect and incinerate an animal that one has known personally for several years.

解剖并火化一个已经认识多年的动物十分艰难。

Fifteen healthy male adult rhesus were randomly divided into control group and experimental groups(+15Gx、+18Gx and +21Gx group),and respectively underwent corresponding parabolic G curve in animal centrifuge.

实验选用9 只健康雄性成年恒河猴随机分为对照组和实验组（+15Gx 组、+18Gx 组和+21Gx组），分别在动物离心机上承受相应峰值的抛物线形过载曲线作用，然后解剖取材固定用以病理形态学方面的研究；同时取尿液，立即送检。

People no longer vivisect animals--it's considered unethical.

人类不再解剖动物－这被认为是不道德的。

If we could establish a deep abiding relationship with nature we would never kill an animal for our appetite, we would never harm, vivisect, a monkey, a dog, a guinea pig for our benefit.

如果我们能够和自然建立一种深刻而持久的联系，我们就不会为了口腹之欲猎杀动物，我们也不会为了自身的利益去伤害去解剖一只猴子，一只青蛙和一只豚鼠。

The industrial-scale use of animals for food and vivisection is one of the great hidden evils of our lifestyle – rather than confront that, it's obviously best to throw those that confront it into prison.

在工业规模的利用动物进行食品和活体解剖是一个伟大的隐藏罪恶我们的生活方式-而不是对抗，这显然最好把那些面对它关进监狱。

This led him to the belief that animals cannot feel pain, and Descartes' practice of vivisection became widely used throughout Europe until the Enlightenment.

这致使他相信动物感觉不到疼痛，笛卡尔的活体解剖实践直到启蒙时期仍在广泛使用。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。