动物实验的

Methods: According to the mechanism of cough reflex, the c-fibres's role in the respiratory system, and the principle of isosterism. Here, a peripheral antitussive LD was regarded as a lead compound. Amino functional groups, as substituents at the 1-hydroxy group of the racemate of LD, were introduced into the structure of the molecule. These novel compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, MS spectrum. Their antitussive activities were studied on mice in sequential method. The EDT50, the stimulating time that caused cough by NH3 on half of mice, were measured. Then could caculated the ratio R between the EDT50 of the treated groups and control group.

根据咳嗽反射的机制及C-纤维在呼吸系统的作用，以外周镇咳药左羟丙哌嗪为先导化合物，依据电子等排原理，在其结构中引入氨基以取代羟丙哌嗪分子中1位的羟基，设计一系列未见报道的化合物（01-15）；并采用了一条适宜的路线进行合成，通过1H-NMR、MS确证结构；采用&序贯法&实验进行新化合物的镇咳活性研究，动物模型采用氨水引咳小鼠，获得引致半数小鼠咳嗽的氨水刺激时间（EDT50）及给药组EDT50与对照组的比值R。

Sugar water choosed degree have no significant change. It means that Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones has central inhibitory action.2.2 Effection of Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones on weight and food intake of IBS rats induced by chronic stressAnimals were randomly divided into 7 groups:normal group,model group, OSD group,FXT group and Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones groups in quantiy of 24.92mg/kg,12.46mg/kg,6.23mg/kg.

蜘蛛香环烯醚萜可以减缓正常小鼠的胃肠运动和利血平化小鼠的胃肠功能亢进，降低慢性应激所致IBS模型大鼠的内脏敏感性，显著减少了IBS模型大鼠的排便数量，从而改善腹泻型IBS的临床症状。2蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对神经系统功能的影响目的：探讨蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对精神活动的影响2.1蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对慢性应激所致IBS大鼠精神活动的影响方法：动物随机分为对照组、模型组、昂丹司琼组、氟西汀组、蜘蛛香环烯醚萜24.92mg/kg、12.46mg/kg、6.23mg/kg组，除对照组外，其余各组进行慢性应激实验。

It means that Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones has central inhibitory action.2.2 Effection of Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones on weight and food intake of IBS rats induced by chronic stressAnimals were randomly divided into 7 groups:normal group,model group, OSD group,FXT group and Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones groups in quantiy of 24.92mg/kg,12.46mg/kg,6.23mg/kg.

蜘蛛香环烯醚萜可以减缓正常小鼠的胃肠运动和利血平化小鼠的胃肠功能亢进，降低慢性应激所致IBS模型大鼠的内脏敏感性，显著减少了IBS模型大鼠的排便数量，从而改善腹泻型IBS的临床症状。2蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对神经系统功能的影响目的：探讨蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对精神活动的影响2.1蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对慢性应激所致IBS大鼠精神活动的影响方法：动物随机分为对照组、模型组、昂丹司琼组、氟西汀组、蜘蛛香环烯醚萜24.92mg/kg、12.46mg/kg、6.23mg/kg组，除对照组外，其余各组进行慢性应激实验。

Research on the Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones in the role of mechanism of action of rat model induced by chronic stress3.1 Effection of Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones on 5-HT and 5-HIAA in colon,serum and central of IBS rats induced by chronic stressMethods:Animals were randomly divided into7 groups:normal group,model group, OSD group,FXT group and Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones groups in quantiy of 24.92mg/kg,12.46mg/kg,6.23mg/kg.

同时，蜘蛛香环烯醚萜可显著降低醋酸所致小鼠的扭体次数，说明其有良好的镇痛作用。3蜘蛛香环烯醚萜治疗肠易激综合征机理3.1蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对5-HT神经递质的影响3.1.1蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对外周和中枢5-HT含量的影响目的：探讨蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对慢性应激所致IBS大鼠结肠、血清和脑中5HT、5-HIAA的影响方法：动物随机分为对照组、模型组、昂丹司琼组、氟西汀组、蜘蛛香环烯醚萜24.92mg/kg、12.46mg/kg、6.23mg/kg组，除对照组外，其余各组进行慢性应激实验。

Research on the Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones in the role of mechanism of action of rat model induced by chronic stress3.1 Effection of Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones on 5-HT and 5-HIAA in colon,serum and central of IBS rats induced by chronic stressMethods:Animals were randomly divided into7 groups:normal group,model group, OSD group,FXT group and Iridoids composition of Valeriana jatamansi Jones groups in quantiy of 24.92mg/kg,12.46mg/kg,6.23mg/kg.

同时，蜘蛛香环烯醚萜可显著降低醋酸所致小鼠的扭体次数，说明其有良好的镇痛作用。3蜘蛛香环烯醚萜治疗肠易激综合征机理3.1蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对5-HT神经递质的影响3.1.1蜘蛛香环(来源：5bABd5C论文网www.abclunwen.com)烯醚萜对外周和中枢5-HT含量的影响目的：探讨蜘蛛香环烯醚萜对慢性应激所致IBS大鼠结肠、血清和脑中5HT、5-HIAA的影响方法：动物随机分为对照组、模型组、昂丹司琼组、氟西汀组、蜘蛛香环烯醚萜24.92mg/kg、12.46mg/kg、6.23mg/kg组，除对照组外，其余各组进行慢性应激实验。

In the adult, cholinergic neurons in the laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental have been implicated in the generation and maintenance of REMS.

虽然在成年人和动物，胆碱能神经元被认为是主要的REM睡眠的调节神经元，已有实验证实脑桥网状结构及脚桥被盖核胆碱能神经元在REMS的触发和维持中起着关键作用，然而，胆碱能神经元对于幼年期REM睡眠的作用仍有待进一步的研究。

The Major histocompatibility complex of Macaca mulatta, also called Mamu antigen, is a gene cluster directly related to immune response. Evolution creates the highly polymorphic nature of the MHC genes, and this leads to changes in the number as well as the function of these genes in individual Macaca mulatto, and even the emergence of species-specific genes.

恒河猴是应用最广泛的非人灵长类实验动物，其MHC基因是一个庞大的与免疫功能密切相关的基因群，在进化过程形成了Mamu基因不同的存在状态，使得不同个体的Mamu基因在数量和功能上有所差异，同时有些个体还产生了特异性的MHC基因，它的多态性和免疫反应的复杂性相对应。

With the use of modern photomechanical methods and the 3-D photoelastical frozen methods, the stress, the strain and displacement of proximal femur were studied and several significant results obtained.

言 近来发展起来的生物力学，是研究动物和人体生命运动规律，用力学观点来了解和揭示生物运动规律的一门新兴的边缘学科，它把生物、力学、医学、工程技术和实验力学等有机地结合了起来，使其成为理论紧密连系实际、很有前途的一门崭新的学科。

These results also provedthe presence of the same acute phase response profile in amphioxus,as observed ineutherians.Thus it pushed the evolutionary existence of the eutherian-like acute phaseresponse back to the protochordate lineage.Fourthly,we determined CAs,including epinephrine、norepinephrin anddopamine,with HPLC method optimized after LPS challenged amphioxus.Theresults demonstrated that E,DE and DA are present in amphioxus humoral fluid,andE was firstly found in amphioxus.

第三，我们用生物化学方法，选取海洋中广泛存在、众多水产动物的常见致病菌-溶藻弧菌作为天然反应原感染文昌鱼，从另外一个角度探讨并丰富文昌鱼体液中的八种炎性蛋白的急性时相反应，结果显示，与LPS感染文昌鱼相比，六种正APPs的浓度变化幅度相对较小，曲线相对平缓，但仍然呈正急性时相反应，蛋白电泳也证实了这一点；而二种负APPs：RBP和白蛋白(Albumin，ALB)浓度实验周期内总体呈下降的趋势，呈负急性时相反应，结论与上述LPS相同。

This insidious mechanism, which does not deter the herbivore from feeding but impairs its recruitment, will restrain the cohort size of the next generation of early-rising overwinterers. Such a transgenerational plant–herbivore interaction could explain the recurringly inefficient use of a predictable, potentially valuable food resource—the spring diatom bloom—by marine zooplankton.

但是现在，用桡脚类动物Calanus helgolandicus所做的饲养实验表明，在硅藻与其捕食者之间在进行一场化学战：当被咬碎时，一些早期繁茂的硅藻会释放毒素，杀死以硅藻为食的桡脚类的后代；这样虽然不能阻止桡脚类继续吃硅藻，但却能影响其&兵员补充&，限制来年较早复苏的过冬者的数量。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。