动物实验的

H e is one of the leading advocates, legal scholars and educators on animal law in the USA and has written extensively with many articles and books on animal cruelty, wildlife law, the use of animals for scientific research and international control of animal trade.

他是当今美国动物法领域最主要的提倡者、法学家和教师之一，并发表了大量相关论文和著作，题目包括防止虐待动物、野生动物法、用于科学实验的动物和国际控制动物买卖等。

The comparisons of biochemistry between OP and OR rats The differences between OP and OR rats included not only body weight, but lipids metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well, characterized with insulin resistance, increasing in serum free fatty acids and ketone body, and hepatic TC and TG in OP rats. However, no significant differences were observed in serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL and fasting glucose between OP and OR rats.⑶Comparisons of metabolites in serum, urine and liver tissue between OP and OR rats①There were significant differences in amino acids concentration between OP and OR rats,especially in liver tissue, such as high concentrations in ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids in OP rats, suggesting differences in amino acids metabolism;② The different metabolites between OP and OR rats included increasing of various saturated fatty acids and decreasing of polyunsaturated fatty acids in OP rats;③The urinary metabolites analysis indicated that different structure or metabolism of gut microflora might exist between the two phenotypes, which probably influenced the regulation of body weight gain;④The end-products of catecholamines in urine and intermediates of krebs cycle in serum in OP rats were all up-regulated, suggesting that the activity of sympatheic nervous system and energy metabolism was higher in OP rats than OR rats.

胰岛素耐受实验和胰岛素敏感指数表明OP动物的胰岛素敏感性较OR动物下降，而OP大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸、酮体、肝脏总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显著升高；但是，OP与OR大鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和空腹血糖等的水平并无显著性差异；⑶肥胖易感与肥胖抵抗大鼠血清、尿液和肝脏组织提取物中代谢物的比较研究表明：①OP与OR大鼠的血清、尿液和肝组织提取物中多种氨基酸的含量存在显著差异，并以肝组织中的差异氨基酸数量为最多，包括各种生酮和生糖氨基酸水平在OP组的升高，说明氨基酸代谢的差异是两种体重表型大鼠之间存在的重要差异特征之一；②OP与OR动物肝脏和血清差异代谢物中包含多种饱和长链脂肪酸的升高如十四烷酸、十六烷酸、硬脂酸等和多不饱和脂肪酸的下降如亚油酸和花生四烯酸，说明两种体重表型动物的肝脏脂肪酸代谢存在明显差异；③长期高脂饮食喂养后，动物的尿液代谢物分析表明OP与OR动物体内的肠道菌群结构存在差异，这些菌群上的差别可能在动物体重增长的调节上产生影响；④与OR动物相比，OP动物尿液代谢物中儿茶酚胺类递质的代谢终产物如高香草酸、扁桃酸和4-羟基苯乙酸明显升高。

Article 29 Personnel dealing with experimental animals shall protect these animals and may not play with or maltreat them.

第二十九条从事实验动物工作的人员对实验动物必须爱护，不得戏弄或虐待。

The theory had been confirmed in the experiment with small animals,but none test have been done by using large mammalia.

该理论在小体积动物实验中已得到证实，但在大型哺乳类动物中进行的此类实验还未见报道。

Divide the animals for experiment into groups randomly, named normal group,model group,vacant control group, xiaomin granule (low-and high-dose)groups, chlorpheniramine group, and experimentize the anminals with homologous medication respectively.

方法用卵白蛋白与ai悬液的混合液致敏和诱发，制成ⅰ型超敏反应动物模型。将实验动物随机分组，即正常组、模型组、消敏颗粒低、高剂量组、扑尔敏组，分别给予相应的药物进行动物实验。

Study the bioactivity of the n-HA/PA66 composite and the effects it would be to body's metabolism of calcium and phosphorus ion in vivo.(3) Study the osteo-conductivity and the ability to repair bone defect of the porous n-HA/PA66 composite and the feasibility use it as the scaffold of bone tissue engineering. Objects and Methods as follows: 1.To evaluate the biocompatability of nano-hydroxyapatite crystals and polyamide composite (n-HA/PA66) with the L929 cells.To proceed the morphological observation and take pictures of L929 cells after 1d,2d,4d,and 7d of co-cultured with extract of n-HA/PA66 ,and direct contact with n-HA/PA66.To determine light absorbtion value of every hole under 500 nm with enzyme linked immunity instrument after 1 d,2 d,4 d,and 7 d of contact of n-HA/PA66 extract with L929 cells,and direct contact with n-HA/PA66.In the meanwhile calculate the relative multiplication rate of cells,and evaluate them by six degree tests for cytotoxicity. To investigate the acute and chronic toxic reaction on the whole body induced by the new nano-hydroapatite crystals and polyamide composite(n-HA/PA66)after implanting in vivo and its effects on partial constitution of animal organs after implanting in vivo,and evaluate the potential and degree of subcuticular stimulation reaction.

本实验主要由以下三部分组成：一、n-HA/PA66 复合材料在动物体内、体外的生物相容性及生物安全性评价二、n-HA/PA66 复合材料植入动物体内的生物活性及近期对机体钙、磷代谢影响的实验研究三、网孔 n-HA/PA66 复合材料作为支架修复兔桡骨节段缺损的动物实验研究主要研究目标及方法如下：参照 GB/T16886.5-1997-ISO 10993-5：1992《医疗器械生物学评价细胞毒性试验体外法》之评价标准和要求，采用规定的 L929 细胞(小鼠结缔组织成纤维细胞)，分别经直接接触和材料浸提液与细胞共培养等方式对 n-HA/PA66 复合材料进行细胞毒性测试，采用细胞形态观察法观察两种细胞各组在 24h、48h、72h、5 天后各时相点的细胞形态学变化，并在显微镜下照相，从而对细胞与材料的生物相容性进行定性评价；同时采用细胞生长抑制法，以酶标仪定量测定评价各组 1，2，4，7 天 L929 细胞的相对增殖率，以定量测定并判别材料对细胞的毒性程度。

In order to verify that free radical damage and pulmonary surfactant deficiency may be two of ARDS major mechanisms, we used ARDS animal model to proceed to a prevention and treatment test of ARDS model by pulmonary delivery, results of animal study showed that the drug preparation can evidently reduced the mortality and pulmonary edema of model animals . Animal tests had showed that the drug preparation has no abnomal toxity.

为了验证自由基损伤和肺泡表面活性剂缺乏的结合可能是ARDS发病的主要因素以及制剂的疗效，通过建立ARDS实验动物模型对该制剂进行肺部给药防治ARDS的模型动物试验，实验结果表明能明显降低模型动物死亡率和肺水肿，同时，动物实验证明该制剂无异常毒性。

The two white-skin animals are suit for research of zoopery of increased-pigment disease, while the other two are suit for research of zoopery of reduced-pigment disease; and α-MSH is one of the most important indicators in the research of zoopery with pigment disease.

结论］白色昆明小鼠及白色FMN豚鼠适宜做色素增加动物实验研究，C57BL/6J小黑鼠及棕黄色HARTLY豚鼠适宜做色素减退动物实验研究；α-MSH可做为观测色素代谢障碍性疾病动物实验研究的一个重要指标。

The second part is a generalization about developing of the animal law. Laboratory animal law. A new trend of legislating on this issue is put forward in the third part ,. The last part do some primary studies on the newly emending wild animal law.

第二部分对动物法的发展做了归纳，第三部分在对实验动物的情况和实验动物法做了介绍与初步研究，最后对野生动物保护法的修订这个中国动物法的重要方面做了初步的探索。

Medical scientists say that animal testing works, but animal rights activists say that it does not work and that there are better ways of finding out what we want to know.

医学科学家说动物实验有效，但是动物权利保护者认为动物实验无效，而且有更好的方法可以得到我们想知道的东西。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。