动物地理学的

After a developing periods of about 20 years, cladistic biogeography methods have been used to deal with the historical biogeographical problems of animals, plants and insects.

支序生物地理学经过20年的方法形成、成熟和完善，现已在动物、植物及昆虫的一些类群得到了应用，同时也在评价生物地理区划中区域的关系方面发挥了一定的作用。

On earth-and turned old notions about early tetrapod evolution, diver-sity, biogeography and paleoecology on their heads.

其关键的篇章---也转变了人们以往在早期四足动物进化，生物多样性，生物地理学，古生态学的旧的观点和理念。

The book covers both plants and animals, and deals with all relevant areas of research, including biogeography, field work, systematics, theory, and genetic and molecular studies, with special emphasis to topics,including sympatric speciation, reinforcement, the role of hybridization in speciation, the search for genes causing reproductive isolation, and mounting evidence for the role of natural and sexual selection in the origin of species.

该书内容覆盖植物和动物，并且涉及所有相关的研究领域，包括生物地理学，野外工作，系统分类学，理论，和遗传和分子研究，特别强调了包括同区域物种形成，增强，杂交在物种形成中的作用，寻找导致生殖隔离的基因，寻找自然和性别选择在物种起源中作用的证据。

Geographers, in Africa's maps, With savage creatures filled the gaps;And o'er unhabitable downs Placed elephants for want of towns.

在非洲地图上，地理学家用野生动物填补空白；因此，对于那些无法居住的开阔的高地，就填上大象，以弥补城市的空缺。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。