动力学变量

On the basis of system dynamic, we summed up 3 different patterns between variables, and put forward the theory of partitional modeling.

以系统动力学的基本概念、方法为基础提出了存在于变量之间的3种基本关系模式，并在此基础上提出针对复杂系统的分块建模理论。

A review of the crystallography, thermodynamics and kinetics of the shape memory effect is given and the factors affecting the SEM such as, the amout of prestrain, heat treatment history and aging, are briefly introduced.

综述形状记忆效应的晶体学，热力学及动力学，简介影响形状记忆效应的一些因素：预应变量的影响，热处理条件的影响以及时效的影响。

Thus the universal nature of frac-tal structures in the weak interactions of solitary waves is analytically established. Tounderstand the fractal regime further, using asymptotic methods along separatrix orbits,a simple second-order map is derived.

为了更深入的理解分形出现的机制，沿着separatrix轨道运用渐近分析，我们得到一个简单的二阶映射，这个映射描述了动力学方程中动量的变化关系，经过变量变换以后，它不含任何参数，因此对于广义非线性Schro¨dinger方程中孤立波的弱相互作用都是成立的。

Firstly this paper explores the main systerm modeling methods in hydraulic grab;then we focus the analysis on the kinematics and bear of the back shovel dig device, the request of the gig ability, the task efficiency , the endure intension; after that we creat a rational maths model and write a program to ananlysis the data acquired; finally, this paper gets the optimize parameter and scheme, and protracts the grab envelope chart.

论文首先对液压挖掘机主要系统建模方式进行探索，然后重点对反铲挖掘装置运动学及受力进行分析，分析反铲挖掘装置的挖掘能力要求、作业性能要求、作业效率要求、受力状态要求，进行运动学和动力学分析，创建合理的数学模型(设计变量、目标函数的确定)，利用合适的优化方法编写计算机程序，调试通过程序应用，最后对优化结果进行分析整理。

The results show that a the variation of annual mean runoff of Huayuankou section exist an intrinsic dynamic mechanism, which is the results of joint action of affecting factor of periodicity and non-periodicity, having obvious chaos characteristic; b the correlation dimension of attractor of phase space is 5.09 and saturation inserted dimension is 14. It shows that to establish a mathematical model of the annual mean runoff system of Huayuankou at least requires 6 independent variables and the required saturation inserted dimension for rebuilding phase space is 14; c the steady estimate of Kolmogorov entropy is 0.14, showing the average predictable time of the annual mean runoff variation of Huayuankou is about 7 years and; d using nonlinear deterministic chaos model is more suitable to describe the variation of annual mean runoff of Huayuankou.

结果表明：①花园口年平均径流量变化存在着内在动力学机制，是由周期性和非周期性影响因子共同作用的结果，具有明显的混沌特性；②相空间吸引子的关联维为5.09，饱和嵌入维数为14，这说明要建立花园口年平均径流系统的数学模型，至少需要6个独立变量，重构相空间所需要的饱和嵌入维数为14；③Kolmogorov熵的稳定估计为0.14，说明花园口年平均径流量变化的平均可预报时间大约为7年；④用非线性确定性的混沌模型比完全的随机模型更适于描述黄河花园口年平均径流量的变化。

The reactionsystem of polyesterification of DFA and EG was analyzed and simplified. Based on thehypothesis of equal and unequal activity of the end-group of monomer and polymer,the modelⅠand modelⅡfor estimating kinetic parameters were established usingimproved Genetic Algorithm, which was so improved by introducing the Elitist Model,Simulate annealing, Runge-Kutta method, proportional distribution randomizer etc.into the operators, and these models were more compatible with the estimation ofcomplex reaction kinetic model parameters.

对二聚脂肪酸与乙二醇缩聚反应体系进行了分析和简化，基于单体和聚合物端基等活性及不等活性的假设，采用已加入最优保存策略、变量数值扰动、龙格库塔积分(Runge-Kutta)算法、均匀分布的随机数发生器算子的遗传算法，建立了模型Ⅰ和模型Ⅱ，并利用C~计算机语言编程来估算动力学模型的参数。

For the aged aluminum alloys which generally contain disc/plate-shaped or rod/needle-shaped precipitates, a model has been established, from the viewpoints of thermodynamics, kinetics and strengthening theory, to relate quantitatively the yield strength to the size, volume fraction and aspect ratio of precipitates which all were analytical associated with the chemical compositions of alloys, aging temperature and aging time. This model has been experimentally proved to well predict the variation of yield strength with the evolution of disc/plate-shaped or rod/needle-shaped precipitates for present Al-4. 62wt% Cu-0.65wt% Mg alloy aged at 513K and Al-1. 12wt% Mg0.57wt% Si alloy aged at 463K, respectively, and the yield strengths simulated by this model were also found to be in well agreement with previously measured values for a series of aged Al-Cu binary alloys, AA6061 and Al-Zn-Mg alloys.

以析出热力学、长大动力学及强化理论为基础，研究了含有盘/片状、棒/针状时效析出强化相铝合金在时效过程中时效析出相尺寸、体积分数和长径比等参数的演变及其对合金时效强化效果的影响，给出了合金成分、时效变量与微观组织参数之间非线性的解析表达关系式，进而从微观结构—宏观性能相结合的角度出发建立起了具有盘/片状、棒/针状时效析出相铝合金的时效工艺—屈服强度量化模型，并将该模型应用于不同温度、连续不同时间时效下Al-Cu二元系列合金、6061铝合金和Al-Zn-Mg系列合金的屈服强度预测，得到了与前人实测值吻合良好的结果。

The retrogradation kinetics properties of starch paste could be described well by rheological index.

当引入连续相流变指数和分散相沉淀率变量时，老化动力学模型的拟和精度进一步提高。

Finally, based on the studies above, the characteristics of pantograph/catenary are analyzed and the active pantograph is modeled. By using the linear quadratic optimal control law, the design objective is to minimize the performance index, which is a function of the state variables representing the pantographs dynamic characteristic and the active control force. The control system is designed considering the complete state feedback.

最后，在此基础上，分析了受电弓／接触网系统的工作特点，建立了受电弓主动控制系统的数学模型，利用线性二次型最优控制策略，以给定性能指标为最小值为设计目标，性能指标为表征受电弓动力学特性的状态变量和主动控制力的函数，考虑了完全状态反馈的情况，进行了控制系统的设计。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。