动力冲程

Drive for an ultra-light helicopter is provided by a four-stroke engine with power of 80 hp.

驾驶超轻型直升机是由四冲程80马力的动力引擎。

For the engine system, we choose four-stroke, low -oil cost engine or the liquefacient engine for protect the environment.

动力可选配最新环保的四冲程发动机，油耗低、动力强，也可选用环保的液化气发动机。

Long-stroke diesel engine is designed to meet domestic and international oil exploration and development of the market demand, particularly in electricity power for the drill rig mud pump and stand-alone units and the development of new drilling power.

4012型长冲程柴油机是为满足国内外石油勘探市场的发展需求，针对钻机动力特别是电驱动钻机和单机泥浆泵机组而开发的新型钻采动力。

The paper attempts to design and development a new type of hydraulic pump. It is the design of combining the advantages of sucker rod pump and rodless botttom hole pump, without pumping rod,and depends on the hydraulic system on the ground providing the impetus. The paper uses the pump Swabbing Principle to design the main parts of the pump structure and size, analyses and calculates the up down stroke of the piston and the switching process of pump valve, uses the finite element method to analyse the main force summing element and check intensity, and designs a ground hydraulic control system to match it. Considering the need of deep mining, salvage equipment is designed. The design shows that there is feasible and reliable to realize the exploitation underground using the new hydraulic pump. The design idea in this paper enlightens the rodless botttom hole pump production in the future and other similar issues.

本文尝试一种新型液力泵的设计和开发，它的设计思想是结合有杆泵和无杆泵各自的优点，取消抽油杆，依靠地面液压系统提供动力，本文从抽油泵抽汲原理出发，设计了抽油泵主要部件的结构和尺寸，对上下冲程柱塞的运动规律和泵阀启闭过程进行分析和计算，使用有限元法对主要零件进行了受力分析和强度校核，并设计与之配套使用的地面液压控制系统，考虑深井开采的需要，一并设计了打捞装置，为理论上实现了这种新型液力抽油泵井下开采的可行性和可靠性做了一些基础的工作，本文的设计思路对今后无杆泵采油等类似问题的研究做了有益的尝试。

The termin flightmentioned in the preceding paragraph means the period beginning from the moment when power is applied by a civil aircraft for the purpose of actual takeoff until the moment when the landing run ends.

前款所称飞行中，是指自民用航空器为实际起飞而使用动力时起至着陆冲程终了时止

A great number of dynamometer experiments are carried out to investigate the effects of structure characteristics of the injector, configuration of combustion chamber, design of the bypass valve and fuel injection phasing on the performance, emission, fuel consumption of the engine during light load operating conditions. After a final optimization and other practical considerations, the control MAPs for the two-stroke DISI prototype engine are obtained. The torque performance, fuel consumption and emission economy of the engine is tested and compared with those of the original carbureted engine.

并且通过大量的发动机台架试验，分析了喷油相位和喷油器的结构参数、燃烧室形状、旁通孔的大小等参数对发动机低速低负荷工况下的性能、燃油消耗和排放的影响规律；通过最后的优化和实际的考虑，获得了最终的二冲程直喷发动机样机的控制MAP图，试验研究了其动力性、燃油经济性以及排放性能，还做了该样机和原化油器发动机的动力性能、燃油消耗率和排放性能的比较。

DRIVE PERFORMANCE: two-stroke, air cooling engine, whose key parts is imported, is powerful and reliable. Excellent start-up performance guarantees prompt start, constant variable speed offers convenient and safety operation, chain-driven chan transmission minimizes power losses.

动力性能：风冷二冲程发动机，功率强大，多种进口件组装，性能稳定可靠，寿命长；优异的启动性能，保证您不超过三次拉动，即可启动发动机；采用二级传动、无级变速装置，使整车运行安全可靠，操纵方便；链传动，令功率损失最小。

In order to improve the stability and reliability of the models, especially in the marine platform drilling rig in order to meet the high standards and strict power requirements, CPC Jinan Diesel power demands in accordance with domestic oil market situation and the company markets products in the oil field use, decided to 4012 Long-stroke diesel engine is fully optimized and updated, and comprehensively improve the models of economy, adaptability, especially in reliability to achieve new breakthroughs to make it into a completely independent intellectual property rights, high reliability, power, good , fuel consumption is low, high degree of automation of the diesel engine, making it the leading, world-class level, can completely replace the current oil market, the corresponding power of China's imports of aircraft-grade new model.

为了提高该机型的稳定性和可靠性，特别是为了满足海洋平台对钻机动力的高标准严要求，中油济柴根据国内石油市场动力需求现状和公司产品在油田市场的使用情况，决定对4012型长冲程柴油机进行全面优化和更新，全面提高该机型的经济性、适应性，尤其在可靠性方面实现新的突破，使其成为具有完全自主知识产权的、可靠性高、动力性好、油耗低、自动化程度高的柴油机，使其成为国内领先、具备世界一流水平、可完全替代目前我国油田市场上相应功率档次进口机的新机型。

The feasibility of utilizing FAI injection system on a 50 cm^3, twostroke motorcycle engine is studied experimentally. Injection directions, injection timing and fueling are studied specially at the small and full throttle opening conditions to clarify their effects on emissions, fuel economy and engine power.

试验研究了FAI直喷系统在50立方公分二冲程摩托车发动机上应用的可行性，着重研究了在小节气门开度和节气门全开条件下，喷油方向、喷油提前角以及喷油量对排放、经济和动力性能的影响。

The characteristics of the 1402cc, DOHC, fuel injected, 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, oil-cooled engine make the power readily accessible.

这颗1402 c.c。的DOHC，喷射供油，四缸，四冲程的油冷引擎，让这部车的动力源源不绝。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。