动作的

There is a small action range in archery.Simple methods and analysis is inadequate,so the author,on the basis of testing the archery athletes in national team with the Qualisisy infrared photoelectric testing system,Footscan sole pressure testing system,Noraxon myoelectricity remote testing system, etc,analyzes comprehensively the action technique of the athletes in national team from the posture,body motion characteristics,body posture equilibrium and stability,distribution of centre sole pressure, myoelectricity characteristics,etc,with the methods of relative software and data statistics.The conclusions and the suggestions are as follows:Conclusion:Firstly,the communality of posture angle,muscle strength,the activation order of main muscle during raising the bow, raising the bow and the timing of the raising could be used as the evaluation index of technique action in archery;Secondly,the length of the time needed in the different periods couldn\'t be used as technique evaluation index since it has no relation with the result.But the time of raising and pulling back the row is relatively fixed,and the time has a positive relation with the archery achievement of the national team in China.Thirdly,the central index of the sole pressure could be used as the reference criterion of selecting athletes and forecasting achievement.During playing archery,the interrelation between the central index of the sole pressure and the achievement is different individually and in different periods.Fourthly,there is low stability of the archery athletes in the front and back direction during the action, caused by the athletes\' posture disequilibrium of dorsal abdominal muscle and non-professional sport shoes..Fifthly,kinematics and electromyography shows that the people on archery in China haven\'t taken the raising and pulling back the row seriously.

射箭的肢体动作幅度小，简单的手段和分析不能满足其需要，笔者结合各种运动生物力学仪器优点及射箭项目的特性，选用Qualisisy红外光点测试系统、Footscan足底压力测试系统、Noraxon肌电遥测系统等对国家队射箭队运动员进行多方位的测试，运用相关软件及数理统计方法，对运动员的射箭动作技术，从射箭动作的姿态构架、肢体运动特点，身体姿态平衡稳定性、足底压力中心分布、肌电特性等进行全面分析，结论及建议如下：结论：第一，姿态角、肌肉用力激活程度、举弓阶段主要用力肌肉激活顺序、举弓、开弓时间等的一致性可作为射箭技术动作评价指标；第二，各动作阶段所用时间的长短不能作为技术评价指标，但举、开弓的时间相对较固定，开举弓时间比与中国国家队射箭成绩正弱相关达到显著性；第三，闭眼状态下足底压力中心单位面积轨迹长与144支箭最好成绩正相关达到显著性，可作为身体素质、选材及成绩预测的参考依据；实射时身体平衡的足底压力中心指标与成绩的相关程度具有个体性差异、阶段性差异；第四，射箭运动员实射时身体在前后方向上的稳定性较差，这与运动员的站立姿态、腹背肌力量的不匹配以及射箭没有专业运动鞋有关；第五，运动学及肌电学都表明中国射箭训练对举弓、开弓阶段的重视不够，背部肌肉用力特征不明显，撒放技术合理性不高。

Department of Physical Education,Qinhuangdao Foreign Language Professional College,Qinhuangdao,Hebei,066311AbstractThis paper has discussed the necessity of using roller skate teaching aids in teaching process.Meanwhile introducing the method,which provides the security and effective protection for students with the roller skate and facilitating roller skate teaching as well.

使用助学器辅助教学具有以下作用：①对学生掌握正确的蹬地技术有很好的帮助作用，可在较短时间内帮助学生建立正确动作的动力定型，明显降低蹬地错误动作的出现率；②可有效消除学生怕摔倒的心理障碍，有利于学生全身心地学习和体会技术动作的要求和要领，为掌握正确技术动作提供了保证。

Four chapters in the first volume, including "The Origin of Movement","Thinking of Effort","Movement Space" and "To Find Body", develop the theoretical structures of body language in western modern dance, analyze elements of movements and their semantic characters, reveal the conceptual transformation in the science of modern human movements and science of body language, and discover the re-interpretation through modern dance about the essence of movement and space and time of movement Another four chapters in the second volume including "Feminized Body""Masculine Body""Sex-confused Body" and "Body's Origin", study respectively features of body language in the field of ballet, modern dance and post-modern dance, provide a chronicle embodying the form variation of body language through lineal comparison, and exposit spiritual pursuit and value preference of modern choreographers and their relationship with history and culture. Therefore, effective body strategy of "Back to Body's Origin" in today's human existence is offered and teaches us how to keep our own national culture in the times of cultural globalization and integration.

前者通过&动作的根源&、&力效思维&、&运动空间&、&发现身体&等4章，展开西方现代舞身体动作语言的理论构架，分析其动作语言要素和语义特征，揭示现代人体动作科学与身体语言科学的观念性变革，发现现代舞蹈对动作本质、运动空间和时间所做出的重新阐释；后者通过&女性化的身体&、&男性化的身体&、&性倒错的身体&及&身体的原点&等4章，研究芭蕾舞、现代舞、后现代舞的身体动作语言形态的各自特征，在纵向比较中，提供身体语言形态的&体现&变异的历史图表，在舞蹈本文的叙述和重新阅读中，提示现代舞蹈家的精神追求与价值取向，揭示其与历史文化之间的对应关系，提供现时代人类生存中所应采取的有效的身体策略——返回身体的原点，在全球文化大交流、大融合之中，保持民族文化的独立品格。

The purpose of this article: to study the force-testing method of the side-kick in free-fighting, and develop the new field of three dimensional force-testing according to many experiments by means of three-dimensional force plate; to discover the kinematics rules and characteristics of the side-kick in free-fighting through the experimental study on the side-kick's biomechanics and kinematics characteristics of 18 excellent free-fighting athletics coming from Shandong Province, which will provide reliable kinematics indexes and parameters for diagnosing and improving the motion skills of free-fighting side kick,and for free-fighting teaching and training, further systemize and scientize the theory research of free-fighting motion.

研究目的：运用生物力学的研究方法，通过KISTLER 三维测力平台测力的实验，研究了散打侧踹腿动作的力量测试方法，开拓了散打侧踹腿动作三维力学测试的新领域；通过对山东省18 名一线优秀散打运动员侧踹腿动作力学特征和运动学特征的研究，揭示了散打侧踹腿动作的运动规律和特征，为诊断、改进和提高侧踹腿动作的技术以及散打教学和训练提供可靠的运动学指标和参数，使散打运动的理论研究进一步系统化、科学化。

According to the surface electromyogram to statistically analyse IEMG and knee joint in different phases, we can find the relationship among the main work muscle in swinging of hurdle step, the cooperative muscle of crura muscle in doing act, the change of angle in pressing and touching down, and skill action.

根据表面肌电图，对IEMG及不同阶段膝关节角度进行统计分析。结果发现，在跨栏步摆动腿动作中的主要工作肌，在完成相应动作的肌肉发力顺序，在完成动作过程中下肢肌肉表现出来的协作肌和对抗肌以及蹬地和着地时角度变化跟技术动作的关系。

This is overlapping action. It is caused because of the main motion and overlaps on top of the main motion.

这就是所谓的动作重叠，即因为主体动作的连带性而产生的动作，同时叠加在主体动作上的动作。

These included a variety of swings, arm changes, handstands, cartwheels, and rolls and dance elements requiring flexibility, strength, coordination, balance, stamina and reflex speed.

这些练习包括各种旋转、手臂交换动作、倒立、侧翻跳以及滚翻动作，还包括舞蹈动作的各项要求，如柔韧性、力量、协调、平衡及耐力和反应速度。

The machine flies with more power in that it bogs very little compared to the flybar 700, especially in elevator, aileron tick tocks and big ben type maneuvers. Less attention to collective management is necessary with this additional power and you can focus more attention to you cyclic inputs. The cyclic is sure and powerful with no bobble at the stops in the tic tocs.

700搭配无平衡翼系统飞行时源源不断的动力，是传统系统无法比拟达到的，特别是在升降前后、副翼左右钟摆及十二点钟摆这类的动作，这额外的动力可以让你更专注在控制十字盘的动作上，少些注意力在集体螺距的控制，在执行钟摆动作的顿点时，十字盘的动作是准确、有力的，而且无抖动。

In the second part of the paper, the sport techniques of the flight elements was analysised in-depth theoretically by the movement technical structure:①the giant swing was first analysised in mechanics by applying the Kane's method, the dynamic equation of 5-link multi-body model was established, and the computer simulation software of the giant swing on the high bar was developed.

其次，作为单杠上飞行动作系统性研究的另一主要方面，本论文对飞行动作一般技术结构中的各技术环节进行了深入的理论分析：①着重对飞行动作准备阶段的回环运动技术进行了动力学分析，主要采用了多体力学理论中的Kane方法，建立了5环节人体回环运动的动力学方程，并应用计算机数值仿真技术研制开发了用于回环运动动力学分析的数值仿真软件，进而以动作实例对回环运动进行了数值仿真与误差分析，其所得到的数值仿真结果能够满足对人体回环运动的动力学分析和仿真要求；②对于飞行动作的撒手技术环节，本论文从人体环节相对运动角度，来分析撒手时人体质心的运动以及撒手时角动量参数，并列举了几种飞行动作撒手技术的基本力学指标；③关于飞行动作的空中技术，论文在总结了空翻转体动力学机理的研究成果基础上，对人体空中运动定量化问题进行了一般性描述，并进一步应用刚体动力学理论，着重建立起了描述空翻与转体技术之间定量化的关系，讨论了空翻转体运动的稳定性及其运动模式的转换问题，它对于定量地评定空翻转体技术以及今后对空翻转体动作进行数值仿真都具有理论上和实践上的重要意义；④关于飞行动作再握技术环节，本论文避免了以再握瞬时性的力学参数指标来描述再握技术特征的简单化途径，提出以再握下摆与回环下摆相对比的方法来研究再握技术，并以飞行动作再握技术的具体实例进行了对比分析，表明再握下摆技术相比回环下摆技术有着相当的困难性和复杂性，运动员对再握下摆过程中各环节的相对运动实施有效的控制，是连接高难动作以及顺利流畅地完成成套动作的关键。

Our trampolinist's performance was unstable in competition.It is our main task in preparing 2008 Olympic Games for th...

进一步强化规定动作质量，突出动作的高规格和成套动作的稳定性；提高自选动作难度，并积蓄一定的难度储备，是下一阶段我国蹦床运动员备战2 0 0 8年第2 9届奥运会要解决的主要技术问题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。