加载

A larger error often occurs in measured results by multi-specimen J-R curve method because of the difficulty in determining the blunting line equation. On the basis of considering the effect of loading rate on plastic-flow stress, a new blunting line equation in dynamic loading has been obtained: J=2NK0.5(subscript εFΔa.

针对多试样J-R阻力曲线法因钝化线的不易确定性常造成测试结果J误差较大的情况，考虑了加载速率对塑性流变应力的影响，给出了一新的动载条件下的钝化线方程：J=2NK0.5

In the analysis, firstly, the flux boundary condition is used to simulate the frictional heat resource between wheel and rail. The non-steady heat transfer between the contacting surfaces of the wheel/rail, heat-convection and radiation between the wheel/rail and the ambient were all taken into consideration. Therefore, a heat coupling model of the wheel/rail in rolling/sliding is put forward to calculate the frictional temperature rise in the wheel and rail. Secondly, after the temperature distribution of wheel/rail, due to friction, is calculated, substitute the thermal load with equivalent fictitious body force and boundary distributed force loaded on the nodes of the corresponding elements. The wheel-load is applied to the center of the wheel.

首先，用热流边界条件模拟轮轨接触界面的摩擦热源，考虑轮轨间的非稳态热传导、轮轨自由表面与环境的热对流、热辐射的影响，建立轮轨滚动接触热耦合有限元计算模型，分析计算轮轨滚、滑工况下的摩擦温升；其次，以求得的轮轨温度场结果作为求解轮轨应力场的已知条件，轮载以集中力形式直接加载于轮心处，将摩擦温升引起的热载荷等效为假想体力和热边界面力，施加于相应的单元节点上，建立了轮轨热—机械载荷耦合作用的热弹性平面应力模型，分析热—机械载荷作用下的轮轨应力场。

Using the auto-loading technology and inertia balance treatment,the nodal loads of the finite element model is set up.

并通过节点力的自动加载技术和惯性平衡处理技术建立有限元模型的节点载荷，在中拱和中垂弯矩作用下，计算出船体在压载和满载工况下的船体应力和变形。

The internal force produced in live load is calculated by manual loading method.

活载产生的内力采用手工加载的方法计算。

The "NVIS"(Near-Vertical Incidence Sky wave) antenna is set on the horizon, which can clear up the dead zone of short-wave communication, and a ferrite loading spiral coil antenna is installed on the rocker projectile to receive the short wave signal.

在地面设置近垂直入射天波传播"NVIS"天线，消除短波通信静区，弹上安装铁氧体加载螺旋线圈天线接收短波信号，利用原有弹载计算机进行数据处理。

The structures of mining engineering are on a complicated process of being loaded and unloading during the course of construction.

采矿工程结构在施工过程中都处于加载与卸载的复杂变化过程中。

New payload models, but you can load ANY aircraft.

150种新配载，不过你可以加载任何飞机。

The unload-reloading curves of the hysteretic models also based on a three stage polygonal line and a two stage polygonal line.

恢复力模型的骨架曲线均为带软化阶段的三线性折线模型，卸载—再加载曲线分别采用三折线模型和双折线模型。

The hysteretic models consisted of a skeleton curves which based on the concept of three stage polygonal line with soften region and some hysteretic rules.

恢复力模型的骨架曲线均为带软化阶段的三线性折线模型，卸载—再加载曲线分别采用三折线模型和双折线模型。

In an electronic apparatus adapted to load and unload an object, a contact is held by a base having a principal surface.

在用于加载和卸载物体的电子装置中，触点(15)通过具有主表面(17a)的基部(17)所保持。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。