加热

On the bases of heating up amethyst, smoky quartz and yellow quartz; observing the change of their color; determining their absorbency and drawing the absorbency curve in different temperature and on the bases of the results of atomic absorption spectrometry, we discussed the stability of the color centers in quartz crystal.

通过在不同的温度下加热水晶，观察加热后的颜色变化，测定不同温度下的吸光度。根据各色水晶吸光度曲线特征及其在不同温度下的吸光度变化，结合原子吸收光谱分析，探讨有色水晶中空穴心的类型和稳定性。

Influences of related parameters on the irradiation intensity and uniformity along the object surface were analyzed, such as the arrangement (in-line or staggered and the distance between tubes), the distance between the object and the burn, the tube pitch and the ratio of tubes length to radius.

利用蒙特卡罗法中的辐射分配因子计算并分析了相关参数，例如管束布置、加热距离、管间距及管长与半径比等对被加热物体表面辐照度均匀性的影响。

By the way there are a research show that 4-8% aquatic produce, 5-10% milk product, 30%meat product and 15% poultry product has been contaminated by this bacteria, and we can suffer this disease by eating soft cheese, not thoroughly cooked chicken, not re-cooked hot dog, fresh milk, icecream, half-cooked steak/ mutton chop, slaw, tomato, France pie, freeze pig tongue, totally 85-90% cases are leaded by contaminated food.

人主要通过食入软奶酪、未充分加热的鸡肉、未再次加热的热狗、鲜牛奶、巴氏消毒奶、冰激凌、生牛排、羊排、卷心菜色拉、芹菜、西红柿、法式馅饼、冻猪舌等而感染，约占85-90%的病例是由被污染的食品引起的。

"The waterbeds are made from a tough plastic membrane and can be heated from underneath by an electric mat or from above by infra-red lamps," according to the magazine.

杂志上还说：&水床是由一种强韧的塑料膜制成，可以用电热毯从底部加热，也可以用红外线灯从顶部进行加热。&

It is a kind of inside heating by means of dipole's changeable polarization and polarization of interface of the medium, which have the dielectric loss in microwave heating.

微波对物质的作用很复杂，作为加热能源，它是靠介质的偶极子转向极化和界面极化在微波场中的介电耗损而引起的体内加热。

One well-understood effect of microwave radiation is dielectric heating, in which any dielectric material is heated by rotations of polar molecules induced by the electromagnetic field.

一个众所周知的微波辐射的作用是非传导加热，所有电介质材料被电磁场导致的两极分子循环加热。

The following main results are obtained: The TiO_2 photocatalyst with small crystallite size, high surface area, narrow and uniform pore size distribution, and microporous frameworks could be prepared out by applying MW radiation in the preparation process. The microwave-induced fluorescence technique verified for the first time that microwave enhanced the formation rate of hydroxyl radical, leading to the increase in the photocatalytic efficiency. Compared with the conventional catalyst, TiO_2 prepared by MW dielectric heating owns a higher UV absorption ability, and its optical absorption edge and photovoltaic response are shifted toward the short wavelength region, resulting in increase of photooxidation efficiency. The photocatalytic conversion and the mineralization ratio of acetaldehyde are increased respectively by 30% and 40% over the TiO2 prepared by MW radiation when compared to the TiO2 prepared by the conventional heating. For the MW-assisted photocatalytic reaction over the MW-prepared TiO2, production of hydroxyl radicals is enhanced by 22.5%, and the photocatalytic conversion is accordingly increased by 20%. Similarlly, applying MW also increased the photocatalytic conversion and the mineralization ratio of acetaldehyde over TiO2/Al2O3 sample.

论文得到如下主要结果和结论：(1)微波介电加热TiO_2 溶胶可得到晶粒度小、光催化活性高、比表面积大和孔径分布窄而均一，且微孔发达的TiO_2光催化剂；在溶胶干燥处理过程中微波可使催化剂表面缺陷增加，进而导致光催化反应过程有更多的活性羟基自由基产生；(2)微波制备能显著增强TiO_2 样品的紫外光吸收率，并使其光吸收和光伏响应阈值发生蓝移，从而提高TiO_2的氧化还原能力；(3)与常规加热法所制TiO_2比较，微波法制备的TiO_2对乙醛的光催化降解转化率提高30%，CO_2生成率提高40%以上；(4)与未加微波辐射时相比，发现在光催化反应过程中施加微波，TiO_2 的羟基自由基生成速率提高了22.5%，相应CH_3CHO 光催化降解转化率提高了20%；对Al_2O_3/TiO_2催化剂，CH_3CHO 光催化降解转化率甚至提高了33%，同时CO_2 的生成率也都大幅度提高；(5)微波辐射可改变光催化降解乙醛的产物分布，推断施加微波时乙醛光催化降解按照羟基自由基引发的链式反应机理进行，微波&非热效应&起主要作用。

The sharp rising process of the reflectivity was explained quantitatively well based on the model of Auger recombination of high density plasma and Auger-recombination-induced heating to lattice, which showed the heating effect induced by Auger recombination in high density plasma should be the main mechanism of ultra-short laser pulse-induced phase change.

利用高密度等离子体的Auger复合及其感应的晶格加热模型较好地定量解释了反射率从最小到最大的快速变化过程，表明高密度等离子体的Auger复合加热导致的热效应可能是超快激光诱导相变发生的主要机制。

The good news is that, although Urey heats its samples, it does so in water, so the organics cannot burn up.

尤里能加热样本，它可在冬天进行加热，因此有机物不会燃烧。

The containment of heat and transfer of maximum heat to the T-bar permits a substantial improvement in thermal efficiency and a substantial reduction of power consumption.

热的保持和对T型杆最大的热传导允许热效率的很大改善和大大减小功率消耗。T型杆的加热边缘用容易替换的特氟隆涂覆的加热槽覆盖。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。