加成产物

Master the Keto-Enol tautomerism; reactions of enols:α-H substitution reactions;α-halogenation of aldehydes and ketones;α-bromination of carboxylic acids; acidity ofα-H atoms: enolate ion formation; reactivity of enolate ions; alkylation of enolate ions; mechanism of carbonyl condensation reactions;condensations of aldehydes and ketones: the Aldol reaction; dehydration of Aldol products; the Claisen condensation reaction; the Michael addition.

熟练掌握酮式－烯醇式互变异构；烯醇的反应：α-H的活性；醛酮的α卤代反应；羧酸的α-溴代反应；α-H的酸性：烯醇负离子的形成；烯醇负离子的反应；烯醇负离子的烃基化；羰基化合物的缩合反应机理；醛酮的缩合反应－Aldol缩合；Aldol缩合产物的脱水反应； Cleisen 酯缩合反应；麦克尔加成反应。

The channel for producing COOH-+H2,contributed from both aldehydic hydrogen abstraction and nucleophilic addition,is the most favorable channel.

通过计算提出亲核加成过程的反应通道，主要产物生成H2和生成COOH-/HCOO-/OCHO-异构体。

In addition, the activties of different catalyst were compered. The test proved the chloroplatinic acid– ethanol catalyst provides high yields of addition products without the formation of undesirable by-products, to provide the possibility of using less rigorous reaction condition, to provide a catalyst material, which is effective at low concentrations.

实验过程中特别对不同催化剂进行了比较，其中氯铂酸—乙醇催化剂提高了加成反应的产率，没有副产物生成，不需要苛刻的反应条件，在低浓度时有很好的催化效果。

In a similar way, using N,N\'-dibenzyl tartamide as auxiliary,-(2-methyl)allyl-2-chloro-phenyl-methyl azide, a vital intermediate of Repaglinide, can be prepared via asymmetric allylation of o-chlorobenzaldehyde in

产物经氧化和碘加成内酯化反应得到阿伐他汀中间体(3R，5S)-3-羟基-5-碘甲基戊内酯(10)；将N-苄基酒石酸二酰胺用于邻氯苯甲醛的不对称烯丙基化反应以较高光学收率得-甲基烯丙基-2-氯苯基-甲基醇

This dissertation is mainly focused on the reactivity of methylenecyclopropanes and comprises six parts. 1 The reactions of methylenecyclopropanes with phenylsulfenyl chloride, phenylselenyl chloride and diphenyl diselenide; 2 The coupling reactions of the ring-opening products derivated from methylenecyclopropanes; 3 The palladium-catalyzed ring-enlargement of mono-aryl group substituted methylenecyclopropanes to cyclobutenes. 4 The gold-catalyzed domino ring-opening and ring-closing hydroamination of methylenecyclopropanes with sulfonamides; 5 The Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions of mono-aryl group substituted methylenecyclopropanes with diethyl ketomalonate in the presence of water; 6 The iodobenzene diacetate mediated novel 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of methylenecyclopropanes, vinylidenecyclopropanes, and methylenecyclobutane with phthalhydrazine.

本论文主要研究了亚甲基环丙烷类化合物的一些化学反应性能，共由以下六部分组成：1、亚甲基环丙烷类化合物与苯硫氯、苯硒氯及二苯基二硒的反应；2、亚甲基环丙烷类化合物开环产物的偶联反应；3、单芳基取代的亚甲基环丙烷类化合物在钯催化剂作用下的扩环反应；4、金化合物催化磺酰胺对亚甲基环丙烷类化合物的串联开环关环氨氢化反应；5、路易斯酸催化亚甲基环丙烷类化合物与丙酮二羧酸二乙酯在有水存在下的反应；6、醋酸碘苯促进的亚甲基环丙烷类化合物、亚乙烯基环丙烷类化合物及亚甲基环丁烷类化合物与邻苯二甲酰肼的新型1，3-偶极环加成反应。

Addition of metallated terminal alkynes to carbonyls is considered as an effective route for the synthesis of chiral propargyl alcohols and has gained considerable significance in recent years.

末端炔对羰基化合物的不对称加成反应是构建手性炔丙醇的重要方法之一，其产生的光学活性炔丙醇是很多天然产物，精细化学品及药物分子的重要合成砌块。

We have presented a practical method for the preparation of propargylic alcohols from terminal alkynes and carbonyl compounds promoted by KOH in the presence of 18-crown-6,and subsequent efficient cyclizations of propargylic alcohols with 2-naphthol catalyzed by InCl_3·4H_2O under the solvent-free ball-milling conditions.Ball milling exhibits its superiority over the reported methods in the preparation of propargylic alcohols and naphthopyran derivatives.

采用机械研磨方法进行了连续的两步固相化学反应的研究：首先，在氢氧化钾和18-冠-6的作用下，端基炔和羰基化合物在机械研磨条件下反应可以高效地生成相应的炔醇化合物；其次，在四水合三氯化铟的催化作用下，生成的炔醇化合物和2-萘酚在机械研磨条件下环加成生成相应的萘并吡喃产物。

Substituent effect of pyrazoles was also investigated by DNMR and DFT.We successfully synthesized these intermediates with exclusively-conformations in a mild condition. X-ray results show that substituents in the pyrazolyl ring affect greatly on the structures of products, especially theπdelocation of the fragment 1-metal-butadiene.

本文以取代吡唑和1-炔基Fischer卡宾化合物的Michael加成反应合成了12个-型β-吡唑基烯基卡宾化合物，反应条件温和。X-ray晶体衍射显示吡唑上取代基对产物结构，特别是1-M-丁二烯的共轭程度具有较大的影响。

Besides, n-butyl and sec-butyl tosylate that are difficult for oxidative addition can react with phenylmagnesium bromide to form corresponding cross-coupling products. Primary alkyl halide which contains β-hydrogen and is relatively hard to undergo the reaction , n-butyl chloride for instance, can react with aryl Grignard reagents in the presence of NiB alloy as well.

此外，难以进行氧化加成的对甲苯磺酸正丁酯和对甲苯磺酸仲丁酯可以与苯基溴化镁作用生成相应的交叉偶联产物；反应相对困难的含β-H的伯卤烷，如：正氯丁烷也可以在NiB催化下与芳基格氏试剂发生偶联。

Recent advances in addition,reduction,and asymmetric reactions of imines were reviewed.

亚胺是一类羰基化合物与氨的缩合产物，作者综述了近年国内外亚胺在加成、还原和不对称反应等方面的研究进展

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了