加工方法

The positions of cam and dial were analyzed accompanied with their angular position, angular velocity and angular acceleration.

分析了凸轮和转盘的位置、角速度、角加速度的变化规律，给出了直角式精密分度凸轮的设计算法，同时计算了数控加工的刀位轨迹，并给出了四坐标联动数控加工和编程方法。

In order to distinguish the different faces of link plates on line, an approach to automatic brand recognition of link plate was developed in this paper, which is applicable for various kinds of brand images.

引言链条链板是采用冲裁的方法加工的，链板正、反表面周边及内孔存在一定的差异，如存在圆角区、光亮区和断裂区，这种加工上形成的差异对装配后链条的质量有很大的影响 [1，2 ]。

This paper discusses the eight ways in which artistic invention is made in biography,concerning the subject matter,the biographee s personality,the textual structure,the reasonable imagination and fiction,the description of details ,the mental activities,the design of dialogues,and the use of language skills.

本文从主题的确立、人物特点的把握、传记的布局谋篇、合理的想象和虚构、细节描写、心理活动描写、对话语言的设计、语言技巧的运用等八个方面全面论述了传记文学进行艺术加工的方法，认为传记文学在坚持真实性的前提下，是可以进行艺术加工的。

We present some new topologies of components and devices, embedded passive circuits and interconnections with good EM properties which can meet development of microwave and millimeter wave LTCC technology and domestic state of arts and crafts inland. These algorithms are applied to optimization of LTCC circuits by using relevant production and applicable techniques in SM study, i.e. optimizing and designing various LTCC capacitors and inductances by original space mapping, LTCC transitions by aggressive space mapping and equivalent lumped-element LTCC filters by knowledge-based aggressive space mapping and neural space mapping.

并且针对微波、毫米波LTCC技术发展需要和国内加工水平，探索具有良好电磁特性的新型组件拓扑结构及其内嵌无源电路、互连实现形式，利用在空间映射研究中取得的成果和开发的实用技术，实现LTCC电路的优化，主要是采用初始空间映射方法优化设计了LTCC电容电感、采用主动空间映射方法LTCC过渡、采用基于知识主动空间映射方法与神经网络空间映射方法优化设计了LTCC等效集总元件滤波器等。

In order to reasonably depict four basic problems with friction, one Coulomb friction new form in first Kirchhoff stress is proposed to deal with finite deformation problems, other Coulomb friction form in incremental mode to elastoplastic flow theory; Hilbert function spaces concerning elastoplastical problems with friction are established, so it makes all operations and calculations in the treatise standardized within the scope of reasonably topologic structure; In view of functional extremum, the equivalence between generalized variational inequalities principles in elastoplasticity with friction and corresponding basic problems are testified by inducing Lagrangian multipliers, so it provides a rationally theoretical basis for numerical methods in elastoplasticity with friction; From the viewpoint of variational inequality, the theory of generalized variational inequalities in elasticity and elastoplasticity with frictional constraint is studied, and the uniqueness and existence of the solution of FEM is proofed under the proposed conditions of stress compatibility, and them FEM approximation and a discrete solution are discussed; Based on the principles of generalized variational inequalities in elastoplasticity with friction, direct generalized variational inequalities methods is pretended, which is a natural generalization and development of direct variational methods; Using generalized variational inequalities methods, some examples in metal forming including plane deformation, upset and extrusion are analyzed and the results prove that all the theories and methods in the paper are right, feasible, accurate and advanced.

主要内容有：为了合理地描述金属塑性成形中摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性基本问题，提出和研究了有限变形下以Kirchhoff第一应力表示的Coulomb摩擦定律形式和弹塑性流动理论下以增量形式表示的Coulomb摩擦定律表示形式；系统建立了摩擦约束弹塑性问题的Hilbert函数空间，使本文规范在一个具有合理的代数拓扑结构内进行一切操作和运算；利用Lagrange乘子，从泛函极值的角度系统地阐述和论证了一系列摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性广义变分不等原理与相应的实际问题之间的等价性，它为处理摩擦约束的弹塑性力学数值方法提供了合理的理论基础；从变分不等式的角度出发，阐述了对应于摩擦约束弹性、弹塑性问题的广义变分不等式理论，首次提出了在应力相容性条件下，它的有限元解具有存在唯一性，进而讨论了其有限元近似及离散解法；基于摩擦约束弹塑性广义变分不等式原理，首次提出了直接广义变分不等式方法，这一方法是直接变分法的合理推广和发展；利用直接广义变分不等式方法对金属压力加工中的平面变形问题、镦粗、挤压等塑性成形问题进行了分析计算，验证了该理论和数值算法的正确性、实用性、精确性和优越性。

The study at the undergraduate stage will provide students with strong backgrounds in theoretical fundamentals and systematic expertise of materials science and engineering, help students learn about the trend of development in this field, master necessary experimental and computational methods, skills, and have a good command of a foreign language, educate students to develop engineering problem solving skills or enable them to develop new materials, products, processes, and equipment, and capacitate them to sort out problems in practical applications by methods of analyzing chemical composition and structure of materials, controlling material manufacturing process and quality, and testing and analyzing material properties, and by techniques of synthesizing materials and processing material products.

学生通过本科阶段的学习，牢固掌握材料科学与工程学科理论基础和系统的专门知识；了解本领域的发展动向；掌握必要的实验、计算方法和技术；精通一门外国语；具有解决工程问题或从事新材料、新产品、新工艺、新设备的开发能力；能运用材料化学成份和组织结构的分析方法、材料的制造过程和质量控制方法、材料性能检测和分析方法、材料的改性技术、材料制品的加工工艺和技术等解决实际应用问题。

This thesis investigates the profile extraction and shape optimization on the result of topology optimization of planar compliant mechanisms. The main context includes the following work:(1) summarizing and analyzing the recent research status, some harvest and unsolved problems;(2) analyzing the conceptual design of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms and its mathematical model and tools;(3) Modifying the method of density contour as the method of profile extraction, and developing a method to optimize the density function in the profile extraction according to the requirement of the design of compliant mechanism;(4) developing a method to abstract the compliant mechanism into a form of links and joints by using the principle of connectivity on topology;(5) developing a method of shape optimization of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms, by representing the profile of the abstracted compliant mechanism as simple curves such as straight lines and arcs, establishing the models of the size optimization of the parameters of these curves, so that the compliant mechanism has a machinable shape;(6) At last, proving the feasibleness and effectiveness of the design method by making simulation design and validating it in FEA software.

主要工作包括：(1)分析了柔顺机构拓扑优化和形状优化的研究现状，分析了目前柔顺机构的研究重点、主要成果和尚未解决的问题；(2)分析了基于SIMP的柔顺机构概念设计方法及其相关工具和模型；(3)针对柔顺机构轮廓提取的特殊要求，提出了密度等值线法的改进方案，对密度函数插值点密度值进行优化，提出优化模型和选择优化算法；(4)根据轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构自身的形状特点，提出了轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构的抽象方法，即应用拓扑学上的连通性原理将柔顺机构抽象成杆件和结点形式，并对相应的数学原理进行了证明；(5)提出了平面全柔顺机构的形状还原和尺寸优化方法，对抽象的柔顺机构进行还原，将其轮廓还原成简单曲线的连接，从而建立尺寸优化模型，对机构进行尺寸优化设计，在得到可加工的机构轮廓的同时又能对关键部位进行特别处理；(6)进行了柔顺机构的数值仿真设计，并将所得设计结果导入商用有限元软件中进行仿真实验，证明了设计方法的可行性和有效性。

The same method fitting in with plate and strip products is just used for study.

机械方法中，Crampton法被广泛应用于管材应力测定，而分条变形方法是近几年才开始研究和应用的新方法，该方法适用于所有加工制品。

1 Rectangular spline Processing of convenience, can be used to obtain high precision grinding method, but usually use within the spline spline broach, spline hole for the unreasonable can not be processed, had to use slotting processing, low accuracy.

1.1 矩形花键加工方便，可用磨削方法获得较高的精度，但内花键通常要用花键拉刀，对于不通孔的花键就无法加工，只好用插削加工，精度较低。

The new circumstances that the discrete manufacturing enterprise is confronted with are analyzed; the function and configuration of production system is expounded; the research actuality and contents about production system capacity in the discrete manufacturing enterprise are summarized; the main research contents in this paper are developed.2. The calculating and analytical methods about production system capacity are studied systemically, a model to calculate rough-cut capacity instantly in "excel" table style is designed, the means to analyze production capacity in different production mode are brought forth, and the balance tactics of production capacity versus load are put forward.3. The application characteristics used in production system about the methods of Computer simulation and CRP in the MRPII/ERP are analyzed and compared; the advantages of Computer simulation method are pointed out; and the simulation researches aiming at production system capacity are implemented by Ithink simulation software.4. A simulation model is founded under the analysis of production system capacity in the production system background of a firm; the change instances of yield, output rate and WIP in the production system are simulated by the action of procurement cycle, machining time, setup time and so on. 5. The change instances of production capacity in the assembly stage are simulated , and rational employees are obtained.

本文主要进行了以下几个方面的研究：1、分析离散型制造企业面临的新情况，阐明生产系统的功能和结构，对离散型制造企业生产系统生产能力的研究内容和现状进行分析，提出本课题的主要研究内容。2、在系统地研究生产系统生产能力的计算和分析方法后，设计了用Excel表快速计算粗能力的方法；给出不同生产方式下的产能分析方法，并提出产能与负荷平衡的策略。3、比较和分析了MRPII/ERP的能力需求计划方法与计算机仿真方法在生产系统中的应用特点，指出计算机仿真方法的优势，并用Ithink仿真软件对企业生产系统生产能力进行了仿真研究。4、以A公司的生产系统为背景，在对生产系统生产能力分析的基础上建立了仿真模型，模拟了在采购周期、加工时间、调整时间以及返工率、废品率、机械开工率等因素作用下生产系统的产量、产出率和在制品数量的变化情况。5、研究在装配阶段生产能力的变化情况，通过仿真优化后确定合理作业人员数量。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。