加工方法

The production of globoid indexing cam and gas engine burningchamber are employed as refrences to analyze the method to mathematical modeling of complexed functional feature, furthermore, the research work of the character of surface feature production is deeply done .Advancing and optimizing the producting process, as well as the whole simulated machining by making UG NX2. 0 as the supporting system. Building the Fixture Library CAD/CAM Document system and producting template of DMU70V. Exploring the structure and flow chart of the Document System;Developing the MDF File by means of GPM module. All the above provide profound preparation to establish a further integrated manufacturing environment around 5-Axis NC production center.

在本文中，综合论述了特征建模的方法，以弧面分度凸轮和内燃机燃烧室作为实例，重点研究了复杂功能曲面的建模及曲面分析方法；并从五坐标加工角度出发，详细研究了曲面零件的加工特性，提出并优化了具体的工艺过程；利用UnigraohicsNX2.0作为开发工具，对建模和加工过程进行了全程仿真；围绕DMU70V建立了专属夹具库、文件体系及工艺模板；综合规划了五坐标数控加工的CAD/CAM文件体系的结构和运作流程；开发了GPM五坐标后处理DMF文件，为建立以五坐标数控加工中心为主的加工体系打下了良好的基础。

The rules of effect of the experimental parameters of the pulse electrochemical finishing, such as the flow field, the electrolyte flow rate and the interelectrode gap on surface quality are highlighted and analyzed based on the experiments in this paper.

目前 ，脉冲电化学加工主要集中在脉冲电解成形加工方面，加工精度是其重点研究对象[1～ 7] 。日本学者用成对电极的方法对线切割加工后的表面进行光整加工[8] ，取得了较好的表面质量，但这种方法也采用成形加工，通用性较差。

Combining the experimental results and theoretical analysis, the following work has been accomplished.(1) Reasons of the decrease of interelectrode capacitance and the increase of discharge gap caused by the powder suspended in dielectric fluid are explained. And the mechanism that surface quality of workpiece improved by powder-mixed EDM is analyzed from this viewpoint.(2) The variation regularity of the percentage of silicon on the machined surface of workpiece has been summarized according to the experiment results when silicon powder was added into the working fluid. The entropy is introduced to explain the reasons for this variation regularity by thermodynamics.(3) The dimensional accuracy is greatly influenced by the overcut resulting from discharge gap and electrode wear in practice application. Empirical formulas for the overcut in EDM and powder-mixed EDM are established based on the experimental results using the ternary linear regressive method in this paper.(4) The influence of main factors on the machined surface characteristics has been evaluated based on the orthogonal experimental design method.

通过一系列普通电火花加工与混粉电火花加工的对比实验，运用工艺实验和理论分析相结合的方法，重点做了以下工作：(1)探讨了粉末颗粒导致极间电容减小、放电间隙增大的原因，并从这个角度解释了混粉电火花加工可以改善工件表面质量的机理；(2)以混合硅粉的电火花加工为例，实验得出峰值电流和脉冲宽度对加工表面层成分中硅元素含量的影响规律，并引入熵的概念从热力学的角度对硅元素含量变化的原因寻找了理论依据；(3)在实际加工中，由于粉末的加入使放电间隙变大，这使得混粉电火花加工的尺寸精度难以控制，本文利用三元线性回归的方法，在实验数据的基础上，建立了两种电火花加工过切量的计算公式；(4)将正交试验法应用于混粉电火花加工实验研究，并通过对实验指标极差的直观分析，得出各电参数对加工指标影响的敏感程度。

Based on image we study the tool path generation technology and problem of tool path planning. We put forward an algorithm for self-discrimination of island relation and an automatic intersected method of the region machining unit, which can judge the relationship among any plane obturate contour line effectively and swiftly. We also study the tool path generation technology of two-dimensional machining, basso-relievo machining, three-dimensional lifting-pen machining. Meanwhile, we put forward an optimize approach of tool path, which improve the efficiency of engraving.

研究了图像的刀具路径生成技术与轨迹规划问题，提出了基于射线的岛屿关系自动判断和区域加工单元的自动分割方法，有效、快速地判断了平面任意封闭轮廓线之间的关系，研究了平面任意区域填充加工、浮雕加工、三维提笔加工的刀具路径生成的技术，提出了刀具路径优化方法，提高了雕刻加工的质量和效率。

We put forward an algorithm for self - discrimination of island relation and an automatic intersected method of the region machining unit , which can judge the relationship among any plane obturate contour line effectively and swiftly . we also study the tool path generation technology of two - dimensional machining , basso - relievo machining , three - dimensional lifting - pen machining . meanwhile , we put forward an optimize approach of tool path , which improve the efficiency of engraving

研究了图像的刀具路径生成技术与轨迹规划问题，提出了基于射线的岛屿关系自动判断和区域加工单元的自动分割方法，有效、快速地判断了平面任意封闭轮廓线之间的关系，研究了平面任意区域填充加工、浮雕加工、三维提笔加工的刀具路径生成的技术，提出了刀具路径优化方法，提高了雕刻加工的质量和效率。

We believe that the nature of instructional process is to construction an environment to conduct the internal information process machinism and information processing capability, the inborn character of learning is to compose the information processing competence which include construction of machinism for information processing and the principles, rule and materials involved with in the process. We also think that there are some difference and relation existed between knowledge construction and forming of mental information processing capability.

我们认为：教学过程的本质在于，构造外在的学习条件来促进学生内在信息加工机制和信息处理能力的形成；学习的实质在于信息加工过程的能力获取，这包括加工过程的心理机制的建构和加工过程所涉及的规则、要素以及材料构造；知识的建构同心智能力的建构是相互相成的，但又相互区别的，一方面知识体系中的概念、事物的属性等本身就是信息加工机制和能力的建构的基础，知识体系中的方法、规则和方法以及逻辑体系是建构信息加工能力的重要途径，而且心智能力和信息加工的机制的建构和发展有助于知识的获取和知识体系的建构，另一方面心智能力和信息加工的机制本身同知识、知识体系又存在着质的不同，知识体系的建构仅仅只是心智能力和信息加工机制建构的一个部分。

These features, along with high-precision processing technologies have helped to miniaturise these products. The micropump is 6.0mm in diameter and 24.0mm in length, the microvalve measures 3.5mm in diameter and 10.3mm in length. The products are small but ensure high functionality by incorporating fluid, structure and magnetic field analysis simulations. Development will contribute to enhanced miniaturisation, an indispensable prerequisite for portable device fuel cells. Through the optimal design of diaphragm operations, valve configuration to prevent fluid backflow, materials and layout, Alps has achieved the effective control of larger amounts of fluid in a smaller chassis for its micropump. The unit also employs low-voltage electromagnetic drive systems, which contribute to easy control and fuel cell system engineering.

这 2002：机床，入世是挑战更是机遇专家指出要加大我国数控机床研发力度加快普及型数控机床的发展漫话中国机床制造业的服务竞争中国铣床和加工中心市场的现状和展望国内外车床的技术水平和发展方向世界加工中心的生产、需求和发展动向国内外机床发展趋势世界数控系统发展趋势切削加工技术和数控机床的发展现代机床产品技术发展趋势我国高速加工技术现状及发展趋势利用先进制造技术提升汽车活塞加工水平瓶盖及瓶口模具上特殊螺纹的数控车削深孔的螺纹加工数控车床螺纹切削方法分析与应用磨削蜗杆砂轮的修整精密零件多台阶面磨削的新方法曲轴连杆颈的跟踪磨削工艺

The methods of chip-breaking in machining pipe thread were researched deeply, which are classified into two categories: the methods acting on tools and adding auxiliary devices for chip-breaking. The principle of work, the technical characteristics, the advantages and disadvantages, and so on were analyzed, compared and summarized, and the following research directions were also pointed out.

摘 要：深入研究了管螺纹加工的断屑方法，将目前管螺纹加工的断屑方法分为两大类——作用于刀具上的方法和增加断屑辅助装置的方法，并对各种方法的工作原理、技术特点及优缺点等进行了全面的分析、比较和总结，指出了管螺纹加工断屑方法仍然存在的问题和下一步的研究方向。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

To the Kamakura era, the West Wing Chan Seng learned in China, the tea processing methods, will be transmitted back to Japan kinds of high quality tea.

到了镰仓时代，禅僧荣西在中国学到了茶的加工方法，还将优质茶种带回日本传播。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。