加工

The mechanical property testing shows that the seamless PLLA tubes perform excellent radial strength,which indicates that the mechanical properties of biodegradable stents made of these tubes was supposed to be excellent.PLLA and its composites were first used in preparing seamless tubes as antecedency of laser-cut biodegradable coronary stents in china.Finite element analyses of the biodegradable coronary stent model indicate the explorative design basically meets the requirement of reasonable and applicable stents.There is not such kind of research yet in domestic.Optimum laser-cuttting parameters of CO2 laser was cauculated based on experiential formula,within it,biodegradable coronary stents,especially those with complex structure would be manufacutured from seamless tubes quickly by laser microprocessing with high consistency to the design model.The processing efficiency of the CO2 laser demonstrated in experiential formula by us will play an important guiding role in manufacturing biodegradable stents by laser-processing.Our stents that ascribed to laser-cutted,slotted tube stent are proved to be biodegradable, self-expandable and good biocompatible,basically reach the international level on the aspest of manufacturing procedures and design.

研究结果表明：壳聚糖改性材料综合性能优于纯PLLA，更适合于作为可降解冠脉支架的原材料；自主设计的探索性自膨胀管状闭环型可降解冠脉支架的性能符合冠脉设计要求，设计、验证生物可降解冠脉支架模型的研究在国内还未见报道；制备的改性PLLA无缝管的力学性能优越，可通过激光切割获得冠脉支架，这是国内首次采用聚乳酸材料来制备通过激光加工出可降解冠脉支架的无缝管；二氧化碳激光器加工精度能达到加工要求，加工出来的血管支架名义设计与实测值误差小，实现了冠脉支架、尤其是带有复杂外观设计冠脉支架的快速化、规范化加工，对二氧化碳激光器加工聚乳酸材料的效果研究在国内外属于首创，获得的经验公式对日后的深入研究有重要的指导意义；制备的支架为激光切割管状闭环型冠脉支架，支架外观设计、支架加工手段、支架的性能都基本接近国际水平，支架样品符合设计的理念，可以实现自膨胀功能。

The paper employs the theory of the layout, design and function of the automatization manufacturing system and studies on the practice and process of cylinder of automobile in the Chang An Corp. author improve on the process the JL472Q, JL 474Q and 1L475Q cylinder to make a flexible manufacture line for the three kinds cylinder. The line composes nine facility (five horizontal machine center, two specific machine), two automatic lines. The FMIL have high utilizable ratio, stable throughput, and good reliability and solve the bottleneck in the process the cylinder of automobile. It contends Chang An corporation for enlarging production and entering into the WTO with quickstep.

本文针对长安汽车集团公司JL72Q、JL474Q、JL475Q三种汽车气缸体的加工工艺特点并结合工厂生产实际，对缸体的加工工艺进行了系统的研究改进，依据现代自动化制造系统的规划、设计和运行原理对三种气缸缸体的机械加工柔性自动线进行了总体设计，规划出了一条缸体机械加工柔性自动线，该自动线采用了9台加工设备(其中5台卧式加工中心，2台专用机床)，2条自动线的设计方案，整个柔性加工线设备利用率高、生产能力稳定、可靠性好，解决了企业生产中的发动机气缸体加工的瓶颈问题，适合长安汽车集团企业扩大生产与率先进入WTO战略的需要。

The ECM productivity of inner ratchet wheel is very high. Cathode piece is machined easily using WEDM. Its dimension is nicety. Cathode is not worn down in process,so a piece of cathode can be repeat used to machining tens or several hundred parts. The surface quality of inner ratchet wheel being machined is nice. There is no burr in the surface. Its surface roughness can reach Ra1.6μm.Its ...

应用电化学加工技术加工内棘轮，生产率很高；采用线切割加工片状工具阴极，制作方便、尺寸准确；加工过程中工具阴极无损耗，一片阴极可以重复加工几十至几百个零件；加工出的内棘轮表面质量好，无飞边毛刺，表面粗糙度可达Ra1.6 μm ；加工精度较高。

We believe that the nature of instructional process is to construction an environment to conduct the internal information process machinism and information processing capability, the inborn character of learning is to compose the information processing competence which include construction of machinism for information processing and the principles, rule and materials involved with in the process. We also think that there are some difference and relation existed between knowledge construction and forming of mental information processing capability.

我们认为：教学过程的本质在于，构造外在的学习条件来促进学生内在信息加工机制和信息处理能力的形成；学习的实质在于信息加工过程的能力获取，这包括加工过程的心理机制的建构和加工过程所涉及的规则、要素以及材料构造；知识的建构同心智能力的建构是相互相成的，但又相互区别的，一方面知识体系中的概念、事物的属性等本身就是信息加工机制和能力的建构的基础，知识体系中的方法、规则和方法以及逻辑体系是建构信息加工能力的重要途径，而且心智能力和信息加工的机制的建构和发展有助于知识的获取和知识体系的建构，另一方面心智能力和信息加工的机制本身同知识、知识体系又存在着质的不同，知识体系的建构仅仅只是心智能力和信息加工机制建构的一个部分。

The characteristic of machined surface of high speed machining aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 is researched by micrographic experiments and analysis. The formation mechanics of machined metamorphism layer has been analyzed and studied. The dislocation-energy model in machined metamorphism layer was established and applied to explain the micrographic mechanics work-hardening using the thermo-mechanical coupling deformation theory and dislocation theory. The experimental results show that the interaction of high dislocation density effect on hardening is more remarkable than that of thermal stress in high speed machining.

利用显微观察方法对铝合金7050-T7451高速铣削加工的工件表面断面和不同深度的表层的微观形貌特征进行系统的研究，确定了高速切削加工铝合金7050-T7451的表面变质层深度为30～35μm；应用位错能量研究了高速铣削加工过程的热力耦合对变质层的影响机理，并通过微观形貌观察证明：与普通切削相比，高速铣削表层塑性变形的能量和位错密度更高；建立了位错密度的加工硬化的动力学模型，研究了加工硬化的热-力耦合形成机理；对微观裂纹的形成机理进行了理论分析，证明位错密度高的高速切削过程中较低速加工更容易产生明显的微裂纹，从分子级乃至原子级的水平进一步揭示高速切削加工表面变质层的形成特征。

The gearing is in the whole industrial manufacturing a very small part. It is like lathing, milling industries in Taiwan. We can find many jobbers. Because of its higher tech level than lathing and milling, the number of the gear jobbers is much less than lathing and milling. Because of the same reason, the gear jobbers who truly understand the gearing theories and can follow the technical trend and skill know-how are less.

齿轮加工业是整体机械加工业中很小的一部份，就像一般车床加工、铣床加工一样都是机械加工中的一环，但是由於齿轮理论不同於一般车床加工或是铣床加工为许多人所熟知，所以在台湾实际从事齿轮加工的齿商数目远远不及车床加工或铣床加工，也由於齿轮理论属於较深而冷门的知识，所以在台湾齿轮加工业中实际能掌握时代潮流与技术窍门的厂商更是寥寥可数。

According to the wire electrode on the trajectory of the different forms of control, WEDM can be divided into three types:* is a copy-control, cutting their lines in advance to create the shape of the workpiece and the same mode *, When the rough machining parts and die at the same time * Clamping in the machine tool table, in the process of cutting wire electrode tightly * close to the edge of model for mobile track, thus cutting out the model * with the same shape and precision to work; another One is the optical tracking control, the cutting in line before the first parts in accordance with drawings by a certain ratio of enlarge depicts an electro-optical tracking maps, drawings will be processed when the machine electro-optical tracking placed on the stage, followed on the stage The first photo has to follow the ink line graphics track movement, and then through the use of electrical, mechanical linkage to control the machine tool table work together with the relative electrode wire Xiang Sixing do sports in order to cut out the pattern and shape of the workpiece to the same; a re - Is a digital process control, advanced digital automatic control technology, machine-driven process in accordance with the geometry of the workpiece before the parameters of good pre-processing CNC automatic completion of the processing, production do not look like without drawing board also plans to enlarge, in front of more than two Control in the form of higher precision processing and broad scope of application, at home and abroad for more than 95% of WEDM have been using digital technology.

根据对电极丝运动轨迹的控制形式不同，电火花线切割机床又可分为三种：一种是*模仿形控制，其在进行线切割加工前，预先制造出与工件形状相同的*模，加工时把工件毛坯和*模同时装夹在机床工作台上，在切割过程中电极丝紧紧地贴着*模边缘作轨迹移动，从而切割出与*模形状和精度相同的工件来；另一种是光电跟踪控制，其在进行线切割加工前，先根据零件图样按一定放大比例描绘出一张光电跟踪图，加工时将图样置于机床的光电跟踪台上，跟踪台上的光电头始终追随墨线图形的轨迹运动，再借助于电气、机械的联动，控制机床工作台连同工件相对电极丝做相似形的运动，从而切割出与图样形状相同的工件来；再一种是数字程序控制，采用先进的数字化自动控制技术，驱动机床按照加工前根据工件几何形状参数预先编制好的数控加工程序自动完成加工，不需要制作模样板也无需绘制放大图，比前面两种控制形式具有更高的加工精度和广阔的应用范围，目前国内外95％以上的电火花线切割机床都已采用数控化。

Wire electrode based on the trajectory of the different forms of control, WEDM can be divided into three types: one is shaped by the imitation controlled cutting in line in advance and work to create the same shape by mold, when processing the workpiece at the same time rough and on the mold clamping in the machine tool table, in the process of cutting wire electrode tightly against the mold on the edge of the track for the mobile, thus cutting out and die on the same shape and precision to the workpiece; another One is the electro-optical tracking control, to carry out the cutting line, before the basis of certain parts to enlarge the proportion of drawings depicts an electro-optical tracking map-processing machines will be placed in design stage of electro-optical tracking, tracking platform Photoelectric first line of graphics has always been to follow the track of the Mexican campaign, and then through the use of electrical, mechanical linkage to control the machine tool table, together with the workpiece so相似形wire electrode relative movement, thus cutting out the same shape and design to the workpiece; again a digital control, the use of advanced automatic control of digital technology-driven machine tool in accordance with the pre-processing parameters according to the workpiece geometry pre-processing procedures for the preparation of a good CNC auto-complete processing, the production does not require appearance on board the need to map to enlarge map of the previous two form of control has a higher machining accuracy and a broad range of applications, both at home and abroad more than 95% have adopted WEDM NC.

根据对电极丝运动轨迹的控制形式不同，电火花线切割机床又可分为三种：一种是靠模仿形控制，其在进行线切割加工前，预先制造出与工件形状相同的靠模，加工时把工件毛坯和靠模同时装夹在机床工作台上，在切割过程中电极丝紧紧地贴着靠模边缘作轨迹移动，从而切割出与靠模形状和精度相同的工件来；另一种是光电跟踪控制，其在进行线切割加工前，先根据零件图样按一定放大比例描绘出一张光电跟踪图，加工时将图样置于机床的光电跟踪台上，跟踪台上的光电头始终追随墨线图形的轨迹运动，再借助于电气、机械的联动，控制机床工作台连同工件相对电极丝做相似形的运动，从而切割出与图样形状相同的工件来；再一种是数字程序控制，采用先进的数字化自动控制技术，驱动机床按照加工前根据工件几何形状参数预先编制好的数控加工程序自动完成加工，不需要制作靠模样板也无需绘制放大图，比前面两种控制形式具有更高的加工精度和广阔的应用范围，目前国内外95%以上的电火花线切割机床都已采用数控化。切割属电加工范畴，是由前苏联人发明的，我国是第一个用于工业生产的国家，当时由复但大学和苏州长风机械厂合作生产的这是最早的机型叫复旦型，我们国内在此基础上发展了快走丝系统。欧美和日本发展了慢走系统LS

Resume of Xiaodong Name: Xiaodong Sex: Male Date of Birth: March 24, 1987 Education: junior high school The work of the year: 7 years Professional: special-shaped stone hand-shape processing Place of residence are: Chongwu County, Quanzhou, Fujian Province town of Hoi An Graduate school: Chongwu secondary Job search intention: a variety of special-shaped stone processing workers, the management of hand-processing, stone processing workshops mains, inspection stone, and stone hand-processing contract Had been involved in the post: shaped stone hand-processing workers, management, Manager, Quality Are engaged in the industry: the Japanese line of hand-processing contractor stone tombstone machining.?

专业： 石材造型异形手加工和小磨抛光求职意向：各种异形石材加工工人、手加工管理、石材加工车间总管、石材验货员、石材手加工承包、石雕加工承包曾从事职位：各种石材异形手加工工人，管理，总管，质检现从事行业：日本线墓碑石材手加工承包加工。

Milling groove machine is used in processing weaving trade in " pin plate " use privately cut machine tool, belong to the modular machine tool, this machine tool have 4 works position and 8 milling heads, can at the same time process 8 workpieces, have higher processing efficiency and processing precision, and can at the same time still realize needle groove and circular arc groove same work position, it surmounted the shortcoming of that machining process complex, processing efficiency low and process precision do not be in height of the processing of pin plate beforetime, so it have better application prospect.

铣槽机是用于加工纺织业中&针板&的专用切削机床，属于典型的组合机床，该机床具有四工位、八铣头，能同时加工八个工件，具有较高的加工效率和加工精度，同时还能实现针槽与圆弧口槽同工位一次完成，克服了以前针板加工中加工工序复杂、加工效率低、加工精度不高的缺点，有较好的应用前景。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失