加固的

In the third part, the theory of thrust angle and unbalanced forces is studied andapplied to Xiluodu arch dam. some conclusions are obtained :(1) The thrust angle issmaller by elaso-plastic computation than elastic computation. For the non-linearcomputation, the thrust angles at different elevations all increase during overloading,which reveals the internal mechanism of good performance of arch dam in conditionof overloading;(2) The elaso-plastic theory always minimizes the actual unbalancedforces in the sense of a condition number in the norm ofcomplementary energy.

第三部分，通过对溪洛渡拱坝拱端推力角及不平衡力的研究，得出如下结论：(1)非线性计算较弹性计算的推力角大；对于非线性计算而言，拱坝超载过程中各高程段的推力角均有所增加，这反映了拱坝具有较高超载能力的内在机制；(2)在总余能范数的意义上，按弹塑性本构关系确定的不平衡力或加固力是最小的，弹塑性计算确定的加固力和真解相比偏于安全。

This paper discusses easily some of normal uses of soft soil groundsill reinforcement in our life which includes the use of methods ,the choose of methods , the precess of design , construction process and shall budget, the best option, to the drainage consolidation law, the law and deep powder reinforced three ways -- through law, for example, the specific design of Shandong BinboHighway K57+380~K57+475 soft databases while.

本文简要介绍了高速公路地基处理中常方法在地基处理实例中的应用，包括资料的使用、方法的选择、设计的过程及施工组织和概预算，最优方案的选择等，以排水固结法、深层搅拌法和振冲法等三种加固方法为例，具体设计山东滨博高速公路K57+380～K57+475段的软基加固。

On the basis of stability analysis, the author takes the K27+825 slope from the type of slope which has lest stability as an example. According to its basic feature, the design ueses the choosed best reinforce and control scheme: lattice beam, anchor wire, grouting and abstraction of water. In the course of design, the author takes into account not only reasonable optimize of whole control plan but also local measure such as whether the unstable block will shear from vnlnerable sections when control plan is laid out concretely, in order to reach the goal of reasonable design and effective control.

在稳定性分析的基础上，以边坡稳定性最差的一类中的K27+825边坡为例，结合其自身的特点，用优选出的加固防治方案：框架梁+锚索斗灌浆+排水进行设计，设计中既考虑总体防治方案的合理优化，又充分考虑了加固工程的具体布置时是否存在不稳定体从锚索或框架梁的薄弱部位剪出的可能性等一些细部措施，以达到合理设计，有效及经济治理的目的。

With the development of the prestressed concrete construction technology, more and more prestressed concrete box girder bridges have arisen in our nation. However, after construction, the appearance of the cracks on some of these bridges takes some unfavourable influence on the structures. In common sense, we should take some methods to strengthen and repair these bridges as soon as possible, but because of the civil pecuniary condition, we cant repair all the broken bridges in one time. Therefore a scientific estimation must be made about the load-carrying capacity of these prestressed concrete box girder bridges with cracks, so that we can decide which bridge should be repaired firstly.

随着预应力施工技术的不断进步，我国已拥有越来越多预应力混凝土箱形梁桥，这些桥在使用一段时间后，有很大一部分箱梁出现了大量的裂缝，这些裂缝的出现对桥梁结构将产生不利的影响，所以应尽可能的对其进行加固修补，但限于国内实际经济状况，我们不可能一次性全部进行加固改造，需要对在役的这些开裂后的预应力梁桥的工作状态特别是承载力做出科学的评判，以便区分轻重缓急，优先实施。

With the development of the prestressed concrete construction technology, more and more prestressed concrete box girder bridges have arisen in our nation. However, after construction, the appearance of the cracks on some of these bridges takes some unfavourable influence on the structures. In common sense, we should take some methods to strengthen and repair these bridges as soon as possible, but because of the civil pecuniary condition, we can't repair all the broken bridges in one time. Therefore a scientific estimation must be made about the load-carrying capacity of these prestressed concrete box girder bridges with cracks, so that we can decide which bridge should be repaired firstly.

随着预应力施工技术的不断进步，我国已拥有越来越多预应力混凝土箱形梁桥，这些桥在使用一段时间后，有很大一部分箱梁出现了大量的裂缝，这些裂缝的出现对桥梁结构将产生不利的影响，所以应尽可能的对其进行加固修补，但限于国内实际经济状况，我们不可能一次性全部进行加固改造，需要对在役的这些开裂后的预应力梁桥的工作状态特别是承载力做出科学的评判，以便区分轻重缓急，优先实施。

It is embodied concretely:(1) With the adoption of grouting bolts, the cranny in wall rocks can be blocked up, the air can be isolated, the wall rocks can be prevented to be weatherized and make water, the strength of wall rocks can also be avoided to be lowered;(2) The lax broken wall rocks are commentated to a whole by liquid after they were grouted and the rock"s strength is increased, so the wall rocks become a part of the support structure by using itself and become a whole with the original rock, and the roadway is made to keep stable but not easy to be broken;(3) The spray layer wall are filled with liquid after grouting, the stress is avoided to be concentrated because the load could be evenly acted on the spray layer and the support;(4) The pressure acted on the plank can be delivered to the two sidepieces and then to the bottom by reinforcing the sidepiece; At the same time, the concentration degree of loads acted on the motherboard can be weaken because of the enlargement of the combination arch"s thickness, as result, the rock"s stress is lowered and the heaving is alleviated;(5) The common bolt is made to be fixed the whole length after grouting, the layers are connected to a integral whole and bear the weight of loads, so the support structure"s unity is increased.

具体体现在：(1)采用注浆锚杆注浆，可以利用浆液封堵围岩裂隙，隔绝空气，防止围岩风化，且能防止淋水和渗水，避免围岩被水浸湿而降低围岩的本身强度及造成的巷道变形。(2)注浆后浆液将松散破碎的围岩胶结成整体，提高了岩体强度，实现利用围岩本身作为支护结构的一部分，且与原岩形成一个整体，使巷道保持稳定而不易产生破坏；(3)注浆后使得喷层壁后充填密实，保证荷载能均匀地作用在喷层和支护上，避免出现应力集中点而首先破坏；(4)注浆后使作用在顶板上的压力能有效地传递到两帮，通过对帮的加固，又能把荷载传递到底板；同时由于组合拱厚度的加大，这样又能减小作用在底板上的荷载集中度，从而减小底板岩石中的应力，减轻底臌；(5)注浆加固后能使普通端锚锚杆实现全长锚固，它们共同将多层组合拱连成一体，共同承载，提高了支护结构的整体性。

Combined with practical work and based upon analysis of advanced water prospecting advanced pre-grouting reinforcement scheme is proposed;at the same time practical construction technology is elaborated from construction of sealing batholite ,reinforcement range of curtain grouting,embedment of pipe,grouting construction process and other aspects.

结合工程概况，通过对超前探水情况的分析，提出采用超前预注浆的加固方案，并从止浆墙或止浆岩盘的施作、帷幕注浆的加固范围、孔口管的埋设、注浆施工过程等方面阐述了其施工技术，最后对注浆效果进行了检查评定，为今后类似工程的施工提供参考依据。

After analysizing the results of SSRFEM and centrifugal model test, someconclusions are drawn that, the depth of slip surface implies that the Bishopssimplied method cannot indicate the true failure mechanism for the slopes reinforcedwith piles. The rate of safety factors decreases with the pile spacing decreasing, andthe salty factor of the slopes is the largest when the reinforced piles are installed in themiddle of the slopes, regardless of pile head confining conditions, and the deflection,maximum bending moment and shear force in the reinforced piles in the criticalcollapse are the biggest meantime. The fixed and hinged head condition of the pilesresults in smaller bending moment in the piles than that in unrotated and free headcondition, therefore the restrained pile head condition is recommended in the design.

3不同特性与工况下抗滑桩与土体相互作用的数值分析与离心模型试验研究表明：采用简化Bishop法计算得到的滑动面不能反映抗滑桩加固边坡的破坏机理，抗滑桩设置在边坡中部和减小桩间距有利于提高边坡稳定安全系数，而此时抗滑桩在边坡临界破坏时的挠度、最大弯矩和最大剪力相对较大；桩头固定、铰接与桩头自由、平移相比，所加固边坡的整体水平位移及边坡临界破坏时抗滑桩的最大弯矩相对较小，而稳定安全系数则较大，因此在进行抗滑桩设计时应尽量选择桩头固定与铰接的型式，或对桩头进行锚固以改善抗滑桩的受力特性，提高边坡的稳定安全性状。

Main conclusions are given:(1) Because we must choose feasible in technology, rational in economic scheme about arch reinforcement and alternation, firstly we must check this bridge's technical condition and all kinds of disfigurement, across-the-aboard. Through detecting we can make certain of destructive degree, find out the reason about bridge diseases, supply necessary gist for bridge using and reinforcement.

得出的主要结论有：(1)为了选定技术上可行，经济上合理的拱桥加固、改造方案，首先必须对桥梁技术状况，各种缺陷，病害进行全面细致的检查与检测，通过检测确定桥梁各部损坏的程度，查明桥梁病害原因，为桥梁的使用及维修加固提供必要的依据。

Trough the analysis of stabilization safety on Tengzigou arch dam, some conclusions are obtained in the following:(1) Tengzigou arch dam is safe under normal poll level ;(2) stabilization safety factor of Tengzigou arch dam is about 4-5;(3) It is proved that combinatorial reinforcement measures are effective and feasible.

对藤子沟拱坝的数值计算和模型试验分析表明：(1)藤子沟水电站在正常蓄水位作用下，坝体和两岸坝肩是稳定的；(2)藤子沟拱坝的整体安全度大概为4～5左右；(3)东北院提出的对左岸泥岩层挖除处理并用混凝土置换的加固除险措施经研究表明该加固措施是有效、可行的。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。