功能关系

Chapter one is "Introduction". On the basis of summarizing the history of the study of the pictophonetic characters, we suppose some theoretical principle, such as the principle of the correspondence between the form and the meaning of the individual graph of Chinese characters, the principle of the total graphs of Chinese characters being a character-formation system, and the principle of the optimum development of the character -formation system in the history, and som analytic methods, such as the methods of structrue-function analysis, form-position analysis and meaning factor analysis, in the study of the pictophonetic characters. Chapter two is titled"General knwledge of the pictophonetic character." We discuss their origins, nature and some standards of distingnishing them, introduce the knowledge about the editions of SHUO WEN JIE ZI, analyse the functions of the modules of pictophonetic characters in detail, discuss concretely the function of phonetic graphs showing origins and pronunciations, the function of meaning graphs showing meanings and analogies, and the function of distinguishment when the two kinds of graphs are conbined. Chapter three is"The system of meaning graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."After we describe the structure of the meaning graph system, the relations between meaning graphs, the distributions of the function of meaning graphs showing meanings, and the frequency of all this kind of graphs, we get a table of all meaning graphs, a table of the frequency. Chapter four is"The system of phonetic graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."We describe the structure of the phonetic graph system, the relations between phonetic graphs, and between their function showing origins and their function showing pronunciations, and their frequency, then we get ageneral table of phonetic graphs and table of their frequency. Chapter five is "conclusion". We think that systematical methodology is useful in describing and analysing the formation system of Chinese characters. The methodology is adaptable in describing the formation system of modern Chinese characters as well as the historical character systems, adaptable in describing horizontally as well as comparing vertically. Only when we finish the systematical vertical compare on the base of systematical horizontal decription, could we know the true history of the system of Chinese characters, recover the rule of the system's development, and supply the theoretical supports for the scientifical arrangement of modern Chinese characters.

第一部分—绪论，在总结形声字研究历史状况的基础上，提出了研究形声系统的理论原则和分析方法，即汉字个体字符形义统一的思想，汉字字符集合构形系统的思想，汉字构形系统历史演变系统优化的思想等三项理论原则和结构功能分析法，形位分析法，义素分析法等三种分析方法，还扼要地介绍了具体的工作程序和论文的主要内容；第二部分—形声字概述，论述了形声字的来源、性质和鉴别标准，介绍了对《说文解字》正篆形声字说解中的传抄讹误，版本异文，说解错误校勘和考证的经过，详细分析了形声字构件的功能，具体讨论了声符的示源功能与示音功能，义符的示意功能与类化功能以及声符与义符组合中的相互区别功能；第三部分—小篆字系的义符系统，从义符系统的构成、义符间的相互关系，义符示意功能的分布及义符的构字频度等不同侧面，对义符系统进行了全面的描写，产生了义符总表、义符间意义关系总表和义符构字频度总表；第四部分—小篆字系形声字的声符系统，从声符系统的构成、声符间的相互关系，声符的示源功能与示音功能的关系以及声符的构字频度等不同侧面，对声符系统进行了全面描写，产生了声符总表和声符构字频度总表；第五部分—结束语，在全面测查小篆字系形声字的基础上，对研究汉字的方法和现代汉字发展方向的问题提出了一些看法，认为系统论的方法是描写和分析汉字构形系统行之有效的方法，系统论方法，不仅适用于历史上文字系统的描写，也适用于现代汉字构形系统的描写，不仅适用了断代描写，也适用于历史比较，只有在对汉字断代系统描写的基础上进行系统的历史比较，才能认清汉字系统历史演变的真相，揭示汉字系统发展的客观规律，为科学地整理现代汉字提供理论上的依据。

So far many biologists have focused their research on studying the relationship between structures and functions of K+ channels.

目前对钾离子通道的研究主要集中在对它的结构-功能关系的研究上。

Law of cell multiplication 3）relationship between molecular structure and function.

放射性核素示踪技术的基本类型及应用：1）研究物质代谢的体内与转化的规律；2）研究细胞增殖的规律；3）研究物质分子结构与功能关系

It is important for the study of the relationship of structure and function to determing the crystal structure of Protein Disulfide Isomerase.

高分辨率的晶体结构的解析对于研究此酶结构与功能关系是十分重要的。

She expresses her literary gist to reveal, criticizes and remoulds the shortcomings of human nature by literarily exploring the functional relationship between doctors and patients, and that of disease and therapy, which are the most basic ones in the complicated medical system.

毕淑敏以作家和医生的双重视角关注写作对象，从生理、心理、伦理、道德多层面全方位地透视人生；她锁定医学题材，以文学化的&医学&的内容及其叙事表现独树一帜；她以从容淡定的口吻冷静地阐释&生&与&死&的主题和宏大的人文关怀，并以日臻成熟的创作跨越了单一的社会学视角，上升到对生存价值的追问和生命意义的思考上，使作品获得了哲学意义和审美意义上的超越；她借医生与患者以及疾病与治疗这两类复杂的医学体系中最基本的功能关系的文学化的开掘，寄托和表达揭示人性弱点，批判和改造的文学主旨；她给医学裹上了文学的外衣，以医学的&冷&和文学的&热&来打造人物的性格，把沉重的医学话题和艰深、晦涩的医学术语以文学的笔法写得轻松、幽默、好看。

GPR39 diverged first, and an ancestral GHSR-like receptor gave rise to a fish specific clade A, GHSR and MLNR by successive gene duplication that occurred before the divergence of tetrapods and fish.

由此他们提出了分子相互作用网络系统进化形成的一种模式：新功能关系形成之前，通常存在基因共享，即一种分子参与到多个过程、多种分子间相互作用。

Aim To a research on the function and change in ultrastructure of M.

目的 探讨偶然分枝杆菌超微结构变化与功能关系。

Bioinformatics is conceptualising biology in terms of molecules(in the sense of Physical chemistry) and applying "informatics techniques"(derived from disciplines such as applied maths, computer science and statistics) to understand and organise the information associated with these molecules, on a large scale.

对序列，结构数据进行定性和定量分析，从中获取基因编码，基因调控，序列-结构-功能关系等理性知识阐明细胞，器官和个体的发生，发育，病变，衰亡的基本规律和时空联系探索生命起源，生物进化，生命本质等重大理论问题，最终建立&生物学周期表&

The results will help us to further comprehend the mechanism of RNA polymerase transcription, the way of transcription processing and transportation, and the structural and functional relationship among the three RNA polymerases.

研究结果对于人们进一步了解RNA聚合酶Ⅲ的转录机制、加工和运输过程及RNA聚合酶之间的结构与功能关系等均具有重要的意义。

In summary, the above-mentioned studies of SaAR and hTFAR15 gene would facilitate the further elucidation of structure-function relationship of SaAR and hTFAR15 and provide more academic foundation for the potential application of SaAR and hTFAR15 gene on tumor therapeutic.

总之，随着研究的进一步深入，我们对SaAR和hTFAR15的结构与功能关系会有更全面的认识，这不仅有助于彻底阐明SaAR和hTFAR15各种生理活性机制，而且可为其将来的开发应用奠定基础。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。