功率损耗

PIC results show that the occurrence of absolute instability is determined by the operating current.

通过PIC模拟，给出了采用无损耗波导结构，且工作电流为25A和10A条件下的放大器频谱图和功率图，结果表明绝对不稳定性的出现与否主要由工作电流是否超过起振的阈值电流决定，损耗波导是抑制绝对不稳定性的有效手段。

Therefore, the multi-stage interaction structures with losses and severed structure were more stability for absolute instability and gyrotron backward oscillations. This study presents a nonlinear analysis of typical oscillations, including absolute instability, gyrotron backward oscillation and reflective oscillation. The multi-stage gyro-TWT seem to increase effectively the start-oscillation currents of the absolute instability, gyro-BWO, and reflection oscillation.

所以在本研究分析中，藉由了解磁旋行波放大器中的自发振荡物理原因及特性，将有助於高功率放大器的设计，并且引用非线性程式进行磁旋行波放大器稳定分析，并且采用兼具隔离管及散布式损耗结构的磁旋行波放大器，同时提升绝对不稳定、磁旋返波振荡及反射振荡的稳定性能有效提升磁旋行波放大器输出功率和频宽。

In the present paper,the goal applies in the development in the mixed style battery cocurrent of motor driver design in the electrically operated bicycle,the use lead-acid battery and the LiFePO4 battery takes the main actuation power to originate,the iron phosphate lithium battery has the life to be long,the electric discharge power is big and the transformation power suits the high electric current product good the characteristic;The lead-acid battery is in a market condition the quite mature battery product has the high security in the thermostable characteristic,and designs a driving circuit to actuate the cocurrent to have brushes the motor to lead the bicycle advance,comes in the enfilade non-ascent road section use LiFePO4 battery as the actuation electric power to originate,in had the ascent road section use lead-acid battery to come as the actuation electric power to originate, has promoted bicycle's endurance and reduces accumulator cell's energy loss.

本论文中，目的在研制应用於混合式电池於电动自行车之直流马达驱动器设计，使用铅酸电池与磷酸铁锂电池来作为主要驱动动力来源，磷酸铁锂电池具有寿命长、放电功率大及转换功率佳适合高电流产品的特点；铅酸电池为一市面上相当成熟的电池产品具有高度的安全性於耐高温的特性，并设计一驱动电路来驱动直流有刷马达来带动自行车前进，於直路无斜度路段使用磷酸铁锂电池来作为驱动电力来源，於有斜度路段使用铅酸电池来作为驱动电力来源，提升了自行车的续航力和降低蓄电池的能量损耗。

The ways of parallel resonant DC link and three-level control strategy were used in this power amplifier circuit. Output current ripple of power amplifier can be reduced as three-level power amplifier, all of power switches work on and off under the zero voltage switching or zero current switching, loss of switching and current ripple interference effectively reduced.

该电路在功率放大器三电平控制策略的基础上应用了并联谐振直流环节，保持了三电平功率放大器输出电流纹波小的优点，同时功率器件均工作在零电压或零电流条件下，开关损耗、电流纹波干扰有效地减小。

In guide switch of the present invention, the rotor and the stator are made to have conic frustums to constitute close contact for close fit, rather than loose fit, and this can eliminate spark during high-power microwave transmission, reduce the transmission loss caused by heating and reflection in the switch , and improve greatly the microwave transmission performance.

本发明通过把波导开关的转子和定子做成同锥度的锥形圆台面，使它们之间构成紧密接触，改动配合为紧配合，从而消除高功率微波传输时的打火现象，同时减小开关的传输损耗，减小开关的发热现象，降低反射，使微波传输性能大为改善，从而使这种开关能在高功率甚至超高功率微波系统中应用。

The simulating results show that TCSC can control the power flow, damp theoscillations on lines and enhance transient stability of power system. In steady state,TCSC can improve the transfer capability and lessen the loss on transmission lines. Intransient state, TCSC can damp the power oscillations and improve the stability.

仿真结果表明，TCSC具有潮流控制、阻尼线路功率振荡、提高电力系统暂态稳定等多种功能：稳态下，TCSC能增大系统的输送功率，并降低输电损耗；暂态下，TCSC能抑制系统功率振荡，提高系统稳定性。

In the second part of of this thesis, we firstly derivate the operation condition of intracavity SHG of dualwavelength laser from the rate equation, and then numerically calculate the relationship between the laser operation parpmeters and the pumping powers. And then we discuss two possible ways to get balancing outputs of the harmonic waves of the two wavelengths. By comparing the two ways, we find that the method by increasing the geometrical factor of 1079. 5nm SHG has the higher efficiency than the method by adding the additional loss of 1079. 5nm basic wave. Besides, the first method is easier to realize in experiment than the second method.

本论文第二部分从速率方程出发，通过求解速率方程的稳态解得到了Nd：YAP腔内倍频双波长激光的连续运转条件，数值计算得到了随泵浦功率变化的激光运转情况；计算、分析了通过增加主波长的倍频耦合几何因子和增加主波长的腔内损耗两种方法获得均衡的双波长倍频输出的运转情况，通过二者的比较，发现增加倍频耦合几何因子的方法比增加损耗的方法效率更高，而且在实验上更易于实现。

Base Station type Software versionTypes of carrier frequency board adoptedTypes of combiner adoptedWhether had obtained the network license or notIndoor type or outdoor type Whether the master port is separated from the remote-port The maximum carrier frequency capacity of single cabinet The maximum supportable sector numbers of single cabinetWhether it is dual-carrier frequency board or notMust it be paired configuration if it's dual-carrier frequency board (namely, the type of single carrier frequency station could only configure the dual-carrier frequency on hardware) The maximum achievable configuration of a single station of the single cabinetReceiver sensitivity The maximum expand capacity of a single base station (the maximum number of TRX in configuration / the number of cabinets which is required)(fill in according with the three sectors) Top box transmitted power (given separately a grade one combine and a grade two combine) The maximum output power of amplifier (voice, a single logical carrier frequency) The maximum output power of amplifier (EGPRS, a single logical carrier frequency)Whether it has tower-interfaceWhether it has built-in lightning protectionWhether it support the ultra-long cover / whether it need for software support (give simple description that how hardware and software could achieve this) The supporting condition of EGSM (it should be supported including by the carrier frequency, combiner) Dual-band carrier wave (whether it supports the mixed use of 900 M/1800M in the same cabinet) The commonality of duplicate parts Whether it can built-in transmission unitThe single cabinet size (high × width × deep) Installation method Whether it can place against the wallThe basic frame full-configured weight and the supportable number of carrier frequencyThe expansion frame full-configured weight and the supportable number of carrier frequency

基站型号软件版本号采用载频板型号采用合路器型号是否已取得入网许可室内型or室外型是否是主远端分离单机柜最大载频容量单机柜最大支持的扇区数是否是双载频板如是双载频板，是否必须成对配置(即单载频站型只能硬件配置双载频)单机柜可达到的单站最大配置接收机灵敏度单基站最大扩展能力(最大配置TRX数/需机柜数)(按3扇区填写)机顶发射功率(分别给出一级合路与两级合路)功放最大输出功率功放最大输出功率(EGPRS，单个逻辑载频)有无塔放接口有无内置避雷装置是否支持超远覆盖/是否需要软件支持(简单描述软硬件如何实现)EGSM支持情况(包括载频、合路器均应支持)双频段载波（是否支持900M/1800M在同一机柜内混合使用）备件通用性是否可以内置传输单元单机柜尺寸安装方式可否靠墙放置基本架满配重量及支持载频数扩容架满配重量及支持载频数是否支持基本架与扩容架跨扇区满配功耗满配时重量供电方式机柜进出线方式合路器损耗合路能力：几合一单扇区最大支持几载频合路到一副天线/采用几个合路器单扇区载频达到需要增加一副天线时，是否支持两级合路换以不增加天线如两级合路插损为是否支持基带跳频和合成跳频每单个合路器在从低载频数向高载频数扩容时，是否还需要增加硬件可用性指标MTBFMTTR系统中断服务时间硬件是否支持EGPRS本次报价软件版本号开始支持EGPRS的软件版本号其他特点注： 1 应分别填写出来按照本次报价要求所采用的全部BTS型号和采用的合路器型号 2 列出本报价要求的全部室外型基站与高功放单元

The results of the simulation analysis and experiments indicate that the loss of ultraviolet scattering transmission in atmosphere is high because of the particle scattering and absorbing in solar-blind zone; that is, the received power can descend 20 dB with the distance increasing 10 times. Therefore, the ultraviolet scattering is fit for short range communication. In short range, the pulse extension due to scattering is at microsecond order and its influence for low and moderate bit rate communication systems is weak. Since the light output power of a single ultraviolet LED is low, a multi-LED array can be used to increase the transmit power and extend the communication range.

仿真分析与实验结果显示：日盲区紫外光在大气中散射传输时由于大气粒子的强烈散射与吸收，传输损耗较大，距离每增加10倍，接收功率下降20dB，因此日盲区紫外光大气散射通信适用于近距离通信场合；近距离传输时散射造成的光脉冲多径展宽为微秒量级，对中低速通信系统影响较小；单个紫外LED发光功率较低，可通过多个LED阵列来提高发射功率，增大通信距离。

In software,we adopt the Goertzel arithmetic to realize FFT,cooperates with other software models such as electric parameter arithmetic model and keyboard program model in realizing all of the design functions.

谐波污染会导致电网损耗的增加，降低用电设备的效率和性能，引起设备的过载，威胁用电安全；无功功率会引起线损和变压器损耗，降低发电机的有功输出，破坏电网供电的稳定。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失