功利主义者

Each objection led some utilitarians to give up some of the original claims of classic utilitarianism.

每个反对导致一些功利主义者放弃了原来的古典功利主义的一些要求。

And on all these points utilitarians have fully proved their case

功利主义者正是在此基础之上充分证明了他们的论点

Utilitarians have an instrumental view of nature; its purpose is to serve humans.

功利主义者持自然有用论，其目的是服务人类。

Thus, they share with utilitarians the notion that penal laws should yield some demonstrable beneficial consequences .

因此，他们与功利主义者持有相同的观念：刑法应当产生一些明显而有益的结果。

Utilitarians accept that it is often necessary to compromise short-term pleasures, for the greater good over the long term.

功利主义者们接受这样的观点：为了更加长远的利益考虑，对于眼前的享乐做一些牺牲常常是十分必要。

Yet classic utilitarians accepted them all.

然而，传统的功利主义者接受了他们。

In considering these questions we should recall the social philosophy which went along with the Utilitarians' insistence on this distinction.

在思考这些问题的时候，我们应该回忆一下功利主义者坚持这种区分背后的社会哲学。

Particularly when they overestimate the strength of science and technology, and emphasize technolatry, utilitarians have also aggravated essentially the separation and opposition of science and other culture, and science and humanistic spirit.

尤其是功利主义者将科学技术的力量加以绝对化，强调技术万能论的同时，实质上也加剧了科学与其他文化和科学与人文精神的分离和对立。

That seems implausible to many utilitarians.

这似乎难以置信的许多功利主义者。

To avoid this result, some utilitarians claim that an act is morally wrong if and only if its consequences contain more pain than an alternative, regardless of positive values.

为了避免这一结果，声称一些功利主义者的行为是不道德的，当且仅当它包含更多的痛苦后果（或其他disvalues）比替代，无论正面的价值观。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。