功利主义的

Weighing Utilitarian Calculation Courtesy of Eric Downes.

权衡功利主义的计算（由Eric Downes提供。

Rawls's criticism to utilitarianism has two aspects: first, it is against the teleology of utilitarianism; second, it is gainst the deduction base of utilitarianism.

罗尔斯对功利主义的批判主要从两个方面展开：一是针对功利主义的目的论，二是针对功利主义的演绎基础。

For it basically draws its origins from a critique of the classical, hedonist version of utilitarianism, which, as I had argued, is completely unacceptable.

因为它基本上源自于对古典的、享乐主义的功利主义的批评，而这种享乐主义的功利主义是完全不可接受的。

His ideas were inclined to a mix of intuitionism and utilitarianism.

他早年师从功利主义哲学家斯代思，直到50 年代初，他在哲学研究方法上仍然是倾向于一种混合了直觉主义与功利主义的观点。

Brandt's theory has not only established the foundation for the revivify of utilitarianism, but also offered the new visual angle for the study on academic thought of utilitarianism.

布兰特的理论不但为功利主义的复兴奠定了基础，而且也对功利主义学术思想的研究提供了新的视角。

The famous hypothesis of 'economic being' of western economics is based on contradictions between egoism and altruism, between individualism and entirety; contemporary western economic ethical thought is also represented by conflicts among utilitarianism, non-utilitarianism and the like, the conflict of unrestraint and state interf...

西方经济学著名的经济人假设，其立论基础存在着"利己"与"利他"、"个人主义"和"整体主义"的矛盾；西方经济伦理思想在当代还表现为功利主义与非功利主义的诸正义形式伦理的矛盾、自由放任与国家干预的矛盾、经济公正与政治公正的矛盾，正是在这些矛盾的展开中体现了当代西方经济伦理思想的发展与变化。

First, everyone's weightiness of the welfare in the social welfare function is the same.

依照功利主义的社会福利函数，本文认为城乡基础设施的均等化要遵循如下两条：其一，均等地看待每一个人的福利函数，即在社会福利函数中，赋予每一个人均等的权重，这是功利主义的基本观点。

If we can further clarify recognition on the mainstream literary views by standing on the entrance of the modern literature, we can more exactly, thoroughly examine and summarize literary views by observing the transformation of the mainstream literary views and the mainstream literature The dissertation holds that the most original reason on the unmaturity of the 20th-C Chinese literary modernity is just the utilitarian literary functional view.

如果说在现代文学的入口处，可以对主流文学观念的发生有更清楚的认识，那么通过三十年代以后主流文学观念和主流文学的流变，可以更准确、全面地观察、总结出功利主义的文学观念所带来的弊端。本文认为，功利主义的文学功用观是造成二十世纪中国文学现代性不成熟状态的主要原因。

If it provides more interests than drawbacks, genetic enhancement could be supported and could be applied. But if the drawbacks exceed benefits, genetic enhancement must be curded. Taking account of consequences is the perspective of utilitarianism, and hence a good starting for our considerations. Peter Singer, a utilitarian, and his preference utilitarianism and the principle of equal consideration is naturally the best choice for such discussions. His point of view gives weights to the preference of parents, society, and environment and puts the account of interest in genetic enhancement more in focus.

而如果要从利益的多寡来看待基因增强，则以功利主义的角度为出发点就会是相当合适的，因为功利主义在考量一件事情的可行性，就是要考量到所有受到事件影响的事物，当把全部的利益都计算进去，才能够了解这件事所带来的利益是否大於弊端，辛格是一位功利主义者，而且他还著重於每个人偏好的考量，对於地球上所有物种的利益也都平等看待，因此，以他的观点做为本篇论文的论据，在计算基因增强所带来的利弊之外，还能够更贴近每位受到基因增强影响的父母、社会、环境的偏好，将利益的计算考量的更加缜密。

The utilitarianism of Marxism is not just put theutility theory and the moral theory toyether,the theory ofhuman nature and human perfective development of Marxismprovids the theory base,and the Socialism Marker EconomySociety provids the practice base for them to be conbined,The idea of materal interests and human pappies of Marxismgives a directing idea to the Utilitarianism of Marxism,so Utilitarianism and Marxism is coincided.

它不仅实现了功利主义的系统化和理论化，而且将功利主义的基本原则贯彻到人的行为和社会生活的各个方面，尤其是&最大多数人的最大幸福&的原则，使功利主义超出了个体领域，走向了社会功利主义。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。