功利主义

To accept this point of view is to refuse bureaucratic concept of authority and appreciate administrator's reasonable obedience, to overcome utilitarian ignorance of administrator's"inner interests"with excellent"practice"and take care of administrator's inner sentiments, to abnegate obsession with"control"and prejudice of administrator's autonomy and have eyes on administrator's ethical responsibilities, professional ethics and its construction.

采用这种观念模式，将拒绝制度主义的行政伦理学的规则中心论，主张行政人的道德主体性；拒绝官僚制理论的权威主义观点，主张行政人对制度的合理服从；拒绝功利主义行政伦理学对行政"实践"内在利益的忽视，主张关注行政人的内在感受；拒绝"控权论"对行政专业自主性的敌视，主张研究行政人的伦理责任、职业伦理及其对行政人道德建设的意义。

Would he really rely on his absolutist position to justify going beyond the limits of what the utilitarian would admit by way of punishment.

他确实会依赖其绝对主义的观点来证明这样做——即越过功利主义者通过惩罚的方式所认可的界限，并施以比功利主义原则所要求的惩罚更为严厉的惩罚——是正当的？

His argument will only hold if it can be shown that there are utilitarian arguments which justify an institution whose publicly ascertainable offices and powers are such as to permit officials to exercise that kind of discretion in particular cases .

他的争论只是关注是否这种争论能表示存在这种功利主义争论，能证明一个公开固定的权力机关比如许可机关，是为了在特殊案件中运用那种辨别力。

That"s the aim of Ashby"s educational thought of technological humanism.

进入20世纪以来，西方高等教育中的科学教育一直存在着忽视人文价值和伦理的倾向，科学教育由于片面强调科学技术知识学习的重要性，带来种种教育和社会问题，科学教育的功利主义价值取向越来越受到质疑和责难，阿什比的技术人文主义教育思想正是在这种背景下产生的。

Criticisms of agent-neutrality can then be understood as directed against one part of classic utilitarianism that need not be adopted by every moral theory that is consequentialist.

批评的代理中立可以被理解为对一个典型的功利主义的需要，并非每一个道德是结果主义的理论，采用的组成部分，。

In fact, Beccaria's theory of pulishments has a perpeual meaning as a weapon used to criticize the absolute political power.

这种现实的论证刑罚观的立场或可以用贝卡里亚的功利主义的表述来说明。

ChapterⅡreviewed the thoughts with utilitarian style of two great thinkers——Bentham and Beccaria, the representatives of classical school of crime. Although their research can not be considered modern economic research, their thoughts contained the essence of economics of crime, and their studies have laid a solid theoretical foundation of modern deterrent theory for the subsequent economic research on deterrence.

本章首先回顾了具有浓厚功利主义风格的两位古典犯罪学派代表人物贝卡里亚和边沁的研究，他们的研究尽管不能被认为是现代经济学的研究，但他们深刻的思想却包含着经济学的很多精髓，而且，他们的研究为后来的犯罪经济学理论研究尤其是威慑理论奠定了坚实的理论基础，也是现代经济学威慑理论的思想源头。

The theory of ruling by law features largely liberalism,scientism and bentham...

此时 ，其法治理论的突出特别是自由主义、科学主义和功利主义。

The author agreed with the thought of YESHIs benthamism and the academic value which is against Confucian Philosophy.

最后对叶适功利主义思想并没有战胜理学而成为官学的种种因素作了进一步探索。

However, some contemporary utilitarians, such as Peter Singer are concerned to maximize the satisfaction of preferences, hence " preference utilitarianism ".

但是，一些当代功利主义如彼得辛格方面最大限度地满足优惠，因此&偏好功利主义&。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。