功利主义

The criticism is endlessly quibbled over details; and is lack of a kind of systematical instruction of theory. While the criticism ignored procedural Vance orient that must be obeyed in devising retrial procedure. The criticism coming from the practical circles possesses certain utilitarianism flavors.

但这些批评过分地纠缠于一些细节，忽视了设计再审程序所应遵循的程序价值取向，缺乏一种较为系统的理论基础的指导，实务界的责难更多的带有一定的功利主义色彩。

The mentality of managing the people and "special privilege" bring priority and selfish d transposes the relationships between administrative organs and society, makes the administrative regulations show the tendency to value the administrative power and despise the citizen''s rights protection, think highly of management and look down upon service and take substance seriously and underestimate programmer.

同时，行政管理体制和行政运行机制也影响行政规章的制定：权限不清导致制定行政规章难以服从客观性、科学性；权责不统一导致功利主义倾向；命令与服从式的运行机制影响行政规章的合法性与适度性；封闭式的行政运行机制使行政规章脱离实际；部门起草行政规章草案使行政规章框架服从于部门运行机制而丧失科学性；行政机关立法人员素质影响行政规章质量。

And are utilitarians and libertarians able to account for this duty?

功利主义和自由主义能够说明这个义务吗？

Utilitarians who adopt this theory of value can then claim that an agent morally ought to do an act if and only if that act maximizes desire satisfaction or preference fulfillment, regardless of whether the act causes sensations of pleasure.

功利主义谁采取这种价值理论可以声称代理人道德应该做的行为当且仅当该行为满意度最大化的愿望或优惠的实现，不论行为造成的愉悦感觉。

The former are illustrated by the debate in ethics between the utilitarians, the ethical egoists, and deontologists like Kant, the latter by the debate in value theory about the good—whether it is pleasure, excellent activity, virtue, self-realization, etc.

前者在功利主义、道德的利己主义与象康德的道义论之间的道德规范辩论中被举例说明，后者在价值理论关于好——是否它是愉快、优秀活动、美德、自我实现等等的探讨中被讨论。

I do not, indeed, consider the epicureans to have been by any means faultless in drawing out their scheme of consequences from the utilitarian principle

我并不认为，伊壁鸠鲁主义者从功利主义原则得到其结论构架的做法是无懈可击的。

Its improperness lies in its parochial categorization of science as "positivism" and "utilitarianism" on the one hand, and its ex parte emphasis of human beings as the root as well as its oversimplified identification of humanistic spirit with artistic spirit on the other, which inevitably result in a more drastic separation an...

其偏颇之处在于：一方面，把科学狭隘地归结为&实证主义&和&功利主义&；另一方面，片面地强调以&人&为本，并将人文精神简单地等同于艺术精神。其结果是人为地大大加剧了科学与人文精神的分离和对立。

But after having been modified by utilitarianism, evolutionism, and neo-Kantianism, it has abandoned completely Comte's hope that a social science modeled on modern natural science would be able to overcome the intellectual anarchy of modern society.

但经过功利主义、进化论和新康得主义的改造，实证主义已彻底抛弃孔德如下希望，一种仿照现代自然科学的社会科学，将能够克服现代社会的智识混乱。

When a welfarist theory of value is combined with the other elements of classic utilitarianism, the resulting theory can be called welfarist consequentialism .

当价值福利主义理论与古典功利主义的其他要素相结合，所产生的理论可以被称为福利主义结果主义。

Not only does it ignor those variables to which utilitarian and welfarist theories attach great importance, but it also neglect the most basic freedom that we have reasons to treasure and demand.

它不仅忽略功利主义和福利主义理论赋予极大重要性的那些变量，而且忽视我们有理由珍视并要求的最基本的自由。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。