功利主义

The division of positive law and the Natural law is the inevitable result of applying the utilitarianism into legislation.

当我们透过纷繁缠绕的文本和复杂的逻辑论证背后会发现：作为功利主义者的边沁和奥斯丁与其说是将实际存在的法与应当如何的法做了截然二分，还不如说是将功利主义的立法原则付诸实践。

Through the comparison between R. M. Hare's ethic deductive theory and the two versions of rational prescriber's theory, the writer finds that utilitarianism can be derived from a theory of the type of rational choice only if the hypothesis is held that the chooser is in all parties' places with equal probability.

通过比较黑尔的道德推理理论和两个版本的理性立约者理论，可以发现，理性选择论类型的理论，如果要导出功利主义的结论，都需要假定选择者以相等的概率处于有关各方的地位上。

Chapter 3 discusses the reasonableness of the view of human rights based on systematic utilitarianism and its insurmountable difficulty.

第三章探讨以系统的功利主义哲学为基础的人权观的合理性及其不可克服的困难。

Underlying the reburial customs is a utilitarianism based on the preoccupation for success and the importance attached to the wholesomeness for the bone.

当代捡骨重葬行为的价值观是以兴旺发达观为基础的功利主义和重视尸骨的保存的观点。

It has such characteristics as individuality, reducibility, reason of calculation, and utilitarianism.

它是以主体性的凸现为前提的，具有个体性、还原论、计算理性、功利主义等特征。

This tendency is not only different from the tradition of the republicanism but also the tradition of social contract theory.

这是理解公共利益问题的功利主义倾向，它在某种程度上表达了个人、公民利益诉求的合理性。

There is a certain compellingness about the repudiation of utilitarianism that this involves .

这一实质内容包含了一个用于反驳功利主义的让人信服的理由。

The suggested way of reconciling the retributive and the utilitarian justifications of punishment seems to account for what both sides have wanted to say .

这种功利主义和报应主义对刑罚正当性的理由和解的暗示看起来想说明双方想说的问题。

Author puts forward a new concept about regional administrative action for the first time, and analyzes primary seeking of interest that could be inter factor as choice of act through interest analysis way. The result indicates that the seeking self-concern of local government's officials combine the political interest and economic interest faultlessly. There are contorted regional administrative actions by those seeking in Chinese actual state. In order to limit the seeking self-concern of local government's officials, it is necessary to use institutional balance, the fruition of human political experience and existent kingdom, to rectify the regional administrative of local government from the aspect of perfect system.

本文提出区际行政行为的研究，运用利益分析的方法，通过对作为行为选择内因的主体利益追求进行了深入的分析，认为地方政府官员的自利追求，体现了地方政府所追求的政治收益与经济收益的完美结合，在中国现有的制度环境下，催生了扭曲的区际行政行为，从制度完善入手，运用制度制衡这一人类政治经验与生存智慧的结晶，变功利主义的政府行为模式为契约式的行为模式，在宪政制度的责任政府中培养前瞻式的政府管理新理念，从而促进区际政府间合作，矫正地方政府扭曲的区际行政行为。

As the legislative value text and explanation of consumer society. its ethics mainly embodies as Sensualism expression of cultural experience. Hedonism idol of culture aesthetics, Utilitarianism demand of life practice.

作为消费社会的价值立法文本与阐释系统，其伦理内容主要表现为：文化经验的感觉主义表情；文化审美的享乐主义崇拜；生活实践的功利主义诉求。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。