力矩

In accordance with the international system of units, units of torque is Newton - meters.

依照国际单位制，力矩的单位是牛顿-公尺。

All other forces, moments, displacements and rotations can be expressed in terms of these basic unknowns by taking inverse of an operator and using the constitutive relations.

其余的内力、内力矩、位移和转角可通过运算子矩阵求逆和本构关系由这些基本未知量来表达。

Presents the design of longitudinal control for ASTOVL lift-fan aircraft, a multi-variable, strong-coupling, complicated nonlinear system to make the system nonlinear offset and decouple, and the method used for linear system in designing the system to gain expectant flying qualities and the combination of aerodynamic control surfaces with thrust vectors to delay the control surfaces getting into saturation, and the minimum N-norm generalized inverse theorem of weighted generalized inverse adopted to apportion the moments commands, which make the control surfaces gain appropriate deflection and the simulation results to verify the dynamic inverse control laws designed really make the system nonlinear offset and decouple; when one command is given, only this output will response, and others do not response; when all commands are given together, the responses will be just the linear superpose of the response of each command, therefore the operation of the pilot will be simplified greatly.

摘 要： ASTOVL升力风扇飞机是多变量、强耦合、复杂的非线性系统，采用非线性动态逆理论设计控制律以实现系统的非线性对消及解耦，然后，采用线性系统的设计方法对系统进行设计，以使系统获得期望的飞行品质。同时，考虑到ASTOVL升力风扇飞机是由气动舵面和推力矢量融合作用的，为了延缓各舵面进入饱和的时间，采用加权广义逆中的极小N-范数广义逆定理分配力矩指令，从而使各舵面达到适当的偏转角。并将所设计的控制律进行了仿真，结果验证了所设计的动态逆控制律使系统实现了非线性对消和解耦，单个指令作用时，只有该项响应，其余不受影响；所有指令作用时，其结果就等于单个指令作用时的线性叠加，这样使驾驶员的操纵大大简化而易于控制，从而大大降低了飞行事故率。

The results show that the sensor is decoupled and isotropic.

分析计算结果表明该传感器是力与力矩解耦和各向同性的。

Using the generalized Jacobian matrix to control the six degrees of freedom space robot.

提出了基于机器人广义雅可比矩阵实现对机械臂关节驱动力矩的控制方法。

In chapter 3, the control object of this subject, which is a three-link gymnastic robot on horizontal bar with limited joint torque and joint angle is brought forward and its mathematic model is developed. After simulating of the movement of the gymnasts, the control task of this subject is designed as a series swing-up and balance movement, the key point of control is analyzed.

第三章，提出本课题研究的对象：关节力矩和旋转角度受限的三连杆单杠体操机器人，推导了它的数学模型；提出要完成的控制任务：模仿体操运动员上杠动作而设计的摆起倒立动作，分析了这套动作的控制关键。

In order to realize the request of output torque, angular momentum, volume, weight and life-span of the attitude control components on nano-satellite (less than 10 kilogramme in weight) and picoSatellite (less than 0.1 kilogramme in weight),a kind of single stator-double rotors electromagnetic micromotor that made by bulk silicon micromachining process is mentioned.

论文针对纳卫星(重量低于10公斤)和皮卫星(重量低于1公斤)中飞轮姿态控制、执行元件对微电机输出力矩、角动量、体积、重量和使用寿命等的需求，提出了基于体硅微机械加工工艺的单定子—双转子结构平面电磁微电机的设计思想。

On the basis of that, the latitudinal attitudes of the shipping are estimated by using Kalrnan filtering. Then, the stochastic optimal control schemes of the latitudinal attitudes are also studied.

在此基础上，用卡尔曼滤波方法对其横向所受力矩进行了最优估计，并进行了横向姿态的随机LQG控制规律的研究。

In combination with the crushed rock slope as an example, the allocation of an anchorage force on longitudinal beams and transverse beams is calculated by adopting the distribution coefficient law of the nodal form at first. Then the internal forces of the lattice beam are calculated respectively through the software on the basis of Winkler elastic foundation model and the semi-infinite foundation model, and then compared with the internal forces which are based on simplified foundation pressure calculation. The active pressure of rock is calculated approximately by Ranking soil pressure theory in the working stage. Sequentially, the reinforcing bars are disposed by two-stage's averagely calculated values.

以破碎岩质边坡为例，采用节点荷载分配法计算了锚索锚固力在格构梁纵、横梁之间的分配比率，然后基于Winkler弹性地基模型和弹性半空间地基模型分别计算格构梁在张拉阶段的内力，并与采用简化的地基反力计算值对比；采用朗肯土压力理论近似计算在工作阶段主动岩体压力，将地梁视为在线性分布力作用下倒置于坡面上的连续梁，按力矩分配法计算地梁内力，取两阶段计算平均值进行配筋。

After you lift off , The torque can cause your plane to roll to the right.

在你升高之后，转力矩能引起你的飞机向右偏转。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。