力学

The results show that: the input of the internal fixation implant should be in accordance with the compressive trabeculae and be clingy with the femoral calcar; the stress distribution of the femur under external violence explained why the old people are easy to get the middle and low part fractures of the femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures.

分析结果表明：股骨颈处的压力骨小梁和股骨距是重要的承载结构，临床医学治疗股骨颈骨折时，内固定物的放置应循压力骨小梁方向并尽量紧贴股骨距钻入；暴力作用时股骨上端的应力分布特点从生物力学的角度说明了老年人易于发生股骨颈中下段骨折和转子间骨折的原因。

The external fixator was a good, economical, effective and simple method in the treatment of femoral neck fracture. The three pins used in fixation of femoral neck fracture are important. The placement of the pins should be in accordance with the compressive trabeculae and clingy to the femoral calcar.

3动力髋螺钉虽然在固定强度上优于其它各组，但却由于手术创伤大、对股骨头残存血供破坏较大等缺点而限制了其应用；自行设计的外固定支架为一种简单、有效、实用、经济的固定方法，有一定的推广价值；穿针方向应循压力骨小梁方向尽量贴近股骨距低角度倒三角形钻入才符合生物力学原理。

Bipolar hemiarthroplasty for intertrochanteric fracture is indicated for patients of more than 80 year old, thus the organic or systemic malfunctions should be corrected during perioperative period. Meanwhile, retaining of lesser trochanter and reconstruction of calcar femorale are of vital importance for improving periprosthetic biomechanics and reducing local complications.

人工股骨双动头置换术治疗股骨转子间骨折适用于80岁以上病人，因此在围手术期应尽可能纠正全身各器官及系统功能异常，同时，保留小粗隆并重建股骨距对改善假体周围生物力学及减少局部并发症具有重要意义。

(1) The input of the internal fixation implant should be in accordance with the compressive trabeculae and be clingy with the femoral calcar, Abduction in small degree (10-30°) will improve the stress in femoral neck region. The stress distribution of the femur under extemal violence explained why the old people are easy to get the middle and low part fractures of the femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures.(2) The finite element model of femoral neck fracture is good in orrowing various fixation methods for femoral neck fracture.

(1)三维有限元方法用于研究不规则物体是一种有效、准确的数值方法，不仅能考虑到所研究物体的几何形状，而且也考虑到物体的内部结构特性；股骨颈处的压力骨小梁和股骨距是重要的承载结构，内固定物的放置应循压力骨小梁方向尽量紧贴股骨距钻入；载荷主要通过压力骨小梁和股骨距传导至股骨干的中下1/3处；一定角度的下肢外展（10-30°）会较明显的增加股骨颈区的应力，而下肢的内收反而会减小此区的应力；暴力作用时股骨上端应力分布特点从生物力学角度说明老年人易于发生股骨颈中下段骨折和转子间骨折的原因。

Conclusion］1? It showes a higher stress dodge in the calcar femorale after using various kinds of prosthesis implantation? After using CFR/PSF of lower elastic modulus as handle, the stress dodge rate is lower in femur, but the interface stress is higher, and this is the main factor and reason for the prosthesis loosening? 2? The stress force rule meets the design principle that the stress force decreases gradually in the bone interface from proximal to distal? The stress value in different combination of same prosthesis handle has no significant difference, that showes mechanical factor is not the main standard for selecting prosthesis combination?

［结论］ 1、各种假体植入后均在股骨距处形成较高的应力遮挡，而用弹性模量较低的CFR/PSF作为柄，其股骨相应区域的应力遮挡率较低，但股骨相应界面应力较大，而界面应力过大是产生假体微动主要因素。2、股骨界面从近端至远端呈逐渐增高趋势的应力规律符合该假体的设计原理；相同假体柄的不同组合其股骨和髋臼相应界面应力值无明显差别，实验表明力学因素并不是选择假体组合的主要标准。

Calcareous sand is a special marine geotechnical medium,which has unexpected physical and mechanical property due to its origin and fabric.

钙质砂是分布于热带海洋中的一种特殊岩土介质，由于成因和组构上的特点导致其物理力学性质与常规的陆源砂有所区别。

This paper relates the basic property of calcium carbonate which affects the processingperformance of rubber and mechanical properties of cured compound, and briefly introduces theapplication of heavy calcium、light calcium、 active calcium and nano-calcium used in rubber goods.

本文论述碳酸钙基本性质对橡胶加工工艺性能和硫化胶力学性能的影响，对重钙、轻钙、活性钙或纳米钙在各类橡胶制品中的应用亦作简要介绍。

Chemical treatment in calcium nitrate solution and oxygen plasma treatment are used to modify mulberry silk in the thesis. The morphology, structure and mechanical properties of the silk fiber treated by the above two methods are studied.

基于这一目的，本论文研究了Ca(NO_3)_2化学改性法和低温氧等离子体处理法两种改性作用下的真丝纤维的形态、结构和力学性能等特征。

The mechanical properties of polyethylene filled with surface-modified calcium oxide reached the national standards.

采用经过表面处理的氧化钙填充到聚乙烯中，制得C aO-PE薄膜，其力学性能达到国家标准。

To improve mechanical properties of calcium phosphate bone cement,carbon fiber was used as the reinforcing phase .

采用碳纤维为增强相以提高磷酸钙骨水泥的力学性能。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。