劈裂

It was found that: the failure form of the stubble will be splitting and breaking when the stalk is cut by single blade; And it will be axial direction crack by torsional shearing stress, splitting and breaking by bending stress when the stalk is cut by two or more blades one by one.

结果表明：甘蔗茎秆受一刀切割时，根茬破坏的模式有劈裂和弯曲断裂；受两刀或多刀切割时根茬破坏模式有因扭转而产生的纵向裂纹，因弯曲而产生的劈裂和弯曲断裂。

Based on freeze thaw cycle indirect tensile test, a further study of moisture susceptibility for some familiar graded HMA mixtures is carried out through modification of immersion conditions, and a new method of ...

本文以劈裂试验为基础，通过对浸水条件的改进，进一步深入地研究了几种常见沥青混合料的水稳定性，提出了以真空循环饱水条件下的沸煮劈裂试验的残留稳定度来评价沥青混合料的水稳定性。

The results show that the hydraulic fracturing pressure is intimately related with tensile strength and tridimensional stress state of the soil. With the increase of tensile strength and minor principal stress, the fracturing pressure is enhanced.

土体发生水力劈裂时的劈裂压力与土的抗拉强度和土体所处的应力状态之间有着密切的关系，劈裂压力随着土的抗拉强度和小主应力的增加而增加。

Comparison of the results of experimental study and theoretical analyses further shows that the nesessary condition for the hydraulic fracturing of a soil is that the minor principal stress on the inner surface reaches the tensile strength of the soil under the action of water pressure.

试验研究与理论分析结果的比较进一步阐明促使土体发生水力劈裂的必要条件为在水压作用下内壁表面的最小有效主应力达到土的抗拉强度，从而指出过去采用的那些水力劈裂判断准则，如水压超过最小总主应力等等，都是不正确的。

Those rarely refer to the researches about water pressure function mechanism. In fact, the water flow intrudes upwards with a loss of the distance water and energy wastes for splitting rocks when confined groundwater intrudes upwards through coal seam water-resisting layer. The water flow under the coal seam scaleboard consumes more energy after it intrudes at a certain height.

实际上，煤层底板高承压含水层水沿隔水底板岩层向上导升过程中，存在一定的沿程水头损失和劈裂岩体裂隙的能量损耗，下伏含水层高压水在底板隔水层下部劈裂导升一定的高度后，在导升段的能量消耗很大，这时作用于有效隔水层段下部的实际水压已远远小于含水层中的观测水压，真正作用在有效隔水层上的水压为残余水压P_c，对底板有效隔水层起破坏作用的有效水压力亦应为残余水压。

The relation between the length of plastic zone along the crack line and external load is established by the matching condition of the elastoplastic fields on the boundary.

利用脆断区长度和荷载之间的关系，从理论上分析了断续节理产生劈裂破坏的贯通机理，并且确定了断续节理岩体发生劈裂破坏的强度。

Before fissuration, osmotic adjustment occurred by the addition of solute to cells and decreasing the loss of water in the body, so that it could maintain normal turgor pressure during drought. After fissurate growth, turgor pressure was maintained by higher cell and tissue elasticity lower ε(superscript max and by osmotic adjustment for normal plant development in dry conditions and to avoid dehydration under water stress during the drought period, but it also became more sensitive to water stress. The ability to maintain turgor pressure varied from strong to weak during the period before, during and after fissuration. Fissurate growth decreased the ability of P. mongolica to maintain turgor pressure and led to changes in walls related to drought tolerance.

结果表明：1未劈裂绵刺主要通过增加细胞内溶质，减少细胞内的水分丧失来进行渗透调节，从而在干旱胁迫下能够维持正常的膨压。2己劈裂绵刺通过渗透调节和高的组织弹性两条途径来共同保持膨压，以抵抗不良的生存环境；同时对环境水分胁迫具有较高的敏感性。33种状态绵刺保持膨压的能力由强到弱依次为：未劈裂绵刺、正在劈裂绵刺、已劈裂绵刺。4劈裂的发生导致绵刺保持膨压能力的降低，同时耐旱方式和途径发生了变化。

It is an ancient species in its own genus and well-adapted to drought environments with fissurate growth and summer dormancy. Methods We selected Dengkou as our research site and collected three stages of P. mongolica (before, during and after fissuration) during August 1-5, 2002 and 2003. We used PV technique and measured several water relations parameters (φ,φ, ROWC, RWC,△(subscript φ),ε etc. in different stages of fissurate growth for comparison and analysis of drought tolerance and its mechanisms. Important findings Different stages of P. mongolica had different abilities and pathways to maintain turgor pressure. Fissurate growth decreased the species' drought tolerance and involved multiple adaptations to drought.

选取内蒙古磴口县境内具有绵刺群落的草原化荒漠区为研究样区，于2002~2003年每年8月1~5日采集未劈裂、正在劈裂和已劈裂植株，运用PV技术对不同劈裂生长状态绵刺的多种水分关系参数φ(下标 s、φ、ROWC、RWC、△、ε进行了测定，从绵刺保持膨压的能力和途径两方面进行了深入探讨；同时结合同一项目研究中绵刺劈裂生长过程中抗氧化酶系统和内源激素方面的研究成果，综合分析并探讨了绵刺劈裂生长的发生机理及其环境适应性。

The endogenous phytohormones of fissurate growth species-Reaumuria trigyna Maxim, Reaumuria soongorical Maxim and unfissurate growth species-Helianthemum soongoricum Schrenk living in the same place was studied.The contents of IAA, ZR are higher in the fissurate place of Reaumuria trigyna Maxim; The contents of GA3, ZR are higher in the fissurate place in Reaumuria soongorical but the content of endogenous phytohormones are higher in seedling of Helianthemum soongoricum Schrenk ,which illuminates endogenous phytohormones are higher in the actively growing parts and probably adjust the fissurate growth.

对同一生境条件下进行劈裂生长的长叶红沙、红沙和无壁裂生长现象的半日花内源激素的研究发现，长叶红沙在刚刚开始劈裂的过渡植株的壁裂发生部位累积IAA和ZR，红沙在刚刚开始劈裂的过渡植株的壁裂发生部位累积GA：；和ZR，半日花则是幼苗茎基部的激素含量较高，说明内源激素在生长旺盛部位含量较高，对劈裂生长的发生具有一定的调控作用。

The results show that, using the cement as a filler, there are no impacts on the high temperature performance, neither do the marshell stability and the split strength; nor the residual stability and the TRS are highly improved, even exceed the original mixture, which explains that using the cement as a filler also is used for the asphalt mixture with PR.

试验结果表明，采用水泥替代矿粉作为填料后，对掺加PR.S添加剂沥青混合料的高温性能几乎没有影响，其稳定度和劈裂强度也没有明显提高；而其残留稳定度和劈裂强度比却得到了很大的提高，甚至已经超过了未掺加PR.S添加剂时沥青混合料的对应数值。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。