副关节

Objective To compare the efficacy of ligament repair method and ligament reconstruction method for repture of collateral ligament of proximal interphalangeal joint.

目的：比较韧带修复手术及韧带重建手术对近端指间关节侧副韧带损伤的治疗效果。

Methods From 1987, 23 cases with collateral ligament rupture in the interphalangeal joint were repaired by part of superficial flexor tendon of finger.

自1987年以来，对23例23指近节指间关节侧副韧带断裂，采用部分指浅屈肌腱显微技术加强修复。

Methods From 1987, 23 cases with collateral ligament rupture in the interphalangeal joint were repaired by part of superficial flexor tendon of finger.

摘 要：目的介绍应用指浅屈肌腱束加强修复近节指间关节侧副韧带断裂的方法及疗效。

METHODS From 1990, nine cases (11 sides) with traumatic metacarpophalangeal joint defect were treated by the autogenous cartilage transplantation of metatarsophalangeal joint followed by modified treatment. Appropriate biological mechanics was provided by internal fixation and collateral ligament repair.

1990 年以来，应用改良处理后的自体跖趾关节面软骨移植修复9 例11 侧掌指关节面，通过内固定、侧副韧带修复并提供适宜的生物力学和营养环境。

However, chronic injuries usually require complete reconstruction of the superficial medial collateral and posterior oblique ligaments because of extensive pericapsular scar formation.

然而，陈旧性损伤由于关节囊周围广泛的瘢痕增生，往往须要对内侧副韧带前侧和后斜韧带进行完全重建。

It has been well documented that the fibular collateral ligament is the primary varus stabilizer of the knee.8,10 Consequently, isolated FCL injuries can elicit abnormal varus knee instability that can lead to functional limitations, a varus thrust gait pattern, and the potential development of medial meniscal tears or medial compartment arthritis over time due to the increased compressive forces at the medial tibiofemoral compartment.16,23,30 In addition, it has been demonstrated that varus instability, primarily due to a deficient FCL from an untreated posterolateral knee injury, causes a significant increase in force on both anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction grafts.11,21,22 Therefore, a reconstruction technique to address nonrepairable acute or chronic isolated FCL tears is important to address these pathologic abnormalities.

已经证实腓侧副韧带是防止膝关节内翻的主要稳定结构[8，10]。因此，FCL离断伤可以引起异常的膝关节内翻不稳定，从而导致功能受限、膝内摆步态和潜在发展为内侧半月板撕裂或由于在增加胫股关节间隙的压力会随时间推移发生内侧间室关节炎[16， 23， 30]。此外，已经证实了主要由膝关节后外侧损伤后未经治疗导致FCL功能缺陷引起的膝内翻不稳可以引起前交叉韧带和后交叉韧带重建移植物受力明显[11，21，22]。因此，认为不可修复的急性或慢性FCL离断撕裂伤的重建技术对这些病理异常非常重要。

This thesis also improves the algorithm of iterative calculation of direct kinematics on two aspects. One is to solve the "floating" problem, which is the change of the leg lengthes when nuts of ballscrews rotate around their own axises.

通过对几类关键受限变量——杆长、关节摆角、倾倒角和旋转角进行相关运动学计算，实现对它们的限位约束；同时，针对因滚珠丝杠螺母副引起的杆长随角度变化而&浮动&的特殊问题，对正向运动学迭代算法进行改进，加快了收敛的速度； 3。

Especially leader of a few industries describes: On one hand oneself are anxiety-ridden, everyday busy move looks for a bank to run loan, look for big client to make a sale personally, find governmental mediate between two parties to pledge from Wu of custom, duty, land the joint of each respect such as check, quota, environmental protection, all such as resource of company strategy, sale strategy, product strategy, financial security, technical reformation, manpower should is based on " hibernate " and think afresh, opening the cost on source and reduce expenditure to use up idea, seem to return sunset night ground should be done not have when doing poineering work at first hardworking; On the other hand, must continue to maintain successful personage have a well-thought-out plan, weight lifting to be like light demeanour again however, face subordinate, always get the difficult mention lightly that may encounter the company with future now, place all a pair of manner that all mastering.

尤其是一些企业领导者形容到：一方面自己忧心忡忡，每天忙着找银行跑贷款，找大客户亲自做销售，找政府疏通从海关、税务、土地到质检、配额、环保等各方面的关节，公司战略、营销战略、产品战略、财务安全、技术改造、人力资源等样样都要基于&过冬&而重新思考，在开源和节流上费尽心思，好像回到最初创业的时候要没日没夜地苦干；另一方面，却又必须继续保持成功人士胸有成竹、举重若轻的风度，面对下属，总是得把公司现在和未来可能会遇到的困难轻描淡写，摆出一副一切尽在掌握的架势。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。