剪形的

To correct this problem of shear test, we improved the equipment of lab large-scale shear test and developed an especially new one which overcome the disadvantages of normal equipment, make the result more accuracy and can do more analyze about the shear surface, dilatability of the mixture only through shear test.

本研究对室内大型直剪试验进行了改进，研发了新型的土石混合料室内大型直剪试验系统，克服了常规直剪仪存在的主要问题，还可以进行剪胀率、剪切面起伏特征、剪切面分形等研究，使得试验结果更精确、可靠，试验分析更完善。

The variation regularity of joint size and the shear strength of fractal rock joints with different fractal dimensions were subsequently studied by using the numerical direct shear test method.

为了研究岩石节理抗剪强度参数取值中的尺寸效应问题，采用随机分形方法，重构了岩石节理剖面线，在此基础上，应用数值直剪试验方法，研究了不同分维值岩石分形节理抗剪强度参数随节理尺寸的变化规律。

Based on investigating the short and intermittent structural plane, surrounding rockmass of the huge underground powerhouse in Three Gorge has been divided into five statistical similar areas according to its characteristic of rockmass structure by applying structure plane network simulation. Distributed characteristic of structural plane has been studied and based on it mechanics macrocharacteristic has been studied:(1) It is the first time that based on the result of structural plane network simulation rockmass quality of every structure area has been studied with applying blurred information optimum seeking technique and be compared with and RQD method. The result indicated that it has better effect to evaluate rock quality with blurred information optimum seeking technique.(2) It is the first time that the interrelated relationship of the result of in-suit rockmass deformation test and fractal characteristic of structure on test point has been applied to determine rockmass deformation parameter. The question of evaluating deformation parameters of engineering rockmass has been solved.(3) Anisotropy strength parameters have been determined by applying shear zones simulating method. The result indicated that there are different strength parameters in every structural area, after comparing the result of Fast Lagranian Analysis in continua number simulation method with that of method of weighted mean according to continuity. The result indicated that when a suitable reduction coefficient is been considered rockmass strength parameters can be simply and fast determined with method of weighted mean according to continuity where there is not enough test result.(4) Damage characteristic has been studied based on analysis fractal characteristic of structural plane network by applying fractal-damage coupling method. It is the first time that the concept of damage degree has been set up to evaluate rockmass quality according to the biggest principal damage.

通过对短小、断续性结构面统计特征的研究，将地下厂房区划分为五个岩体结构统计均质区，应用结构面网络模拟技术研究了各个岩体结构均质区结构面的发育分布特征，并以此为基础对岩体宏观力学特性进行了深入研究：(1)首次通过在结构面网络模拟计算结果的基础上，应用模糊信息优化技术研究了厂房区各个岩体结构分区的岩体质量并与岩体基本质量指标研究法、岩体质量指标RQD值研究法作了对比，结果表明以结构面网络模拟结果为基础，应用模糊信息优化技术进行岩体质量评价能够取得很好的效果，解决了工程岩体质量的定量评价问题；(2)首次通过对已有的现场大型岩体变形试验结果的分析及相应试验点岩体结构分形特征的研究，建立了结构面分布的分形维数和岩体变形指标间的相关关系，并首次应用这种相关关系根据结构面网络模拟及分形维数计算结果确定了缺少试验结果的地下厂房各工程部位的岩体变形指标而且应用于围岩稳定性计算，解决了工程岩体宏观变形参数的评价问题；(3)应用在结构面模拟网络图上模拟岩体剪切破坏带的方法，得出了岩体在不同方向上的强度参数，结果表明岩体的强度特性与结构面的发育方向和程度有着明显的关系，各个岩体结构均质区具有不同的强度参数；同时还通过应用拉格朗日差分法对岩体强度指标的数值分析并与按连通率加权平均计算法对比表明，按连通率加权平均计算法在考虑合理的折减系数情况下，可以简单快速地对缺少现场大型试验结果的具体工程部位实现岩体强度指标的估计，通过以上研究解决了工程岩体抗剪强度参数的评价问题；(4)通过结构面网络分形维数的研究，应用分形损伤耦合分析方法，研究了厂房区岩体的损伤特征，并首次引入"损伤度"的概念，建立了应用最大主损伤评价岩体质量的指标体系。

In summary, the drive current by Alfvén waves can be enhanced by plasma rotation The negative magnetic shear is favorable for the efficiency of the current drive by Alfvén waves Moreover, in the reversed shear configuration the current drive due to Alfvén waves in an rotation plasma can obviously change the plasma current profile The Alfvén wave current drive may be useful in controlling the current profile in order to suppress magnetohydrodynamic instabilities.

另外，我们还发现负剪切区域愈大，同时安全因子极小值q〓愈小，对阿尔芬波电流驱动愈好。总之，等离子体极向旋转能够增强阿尔芬波电流驱动，负磁剪切对阿尔芬波电流驱动是有利的。另外，反磁剪切位形下旋转等离子体的阿尔芬波电流驱动可以明显改善等离子体电流剖面。

In this dissertation, considering the influence of transverse shearing deflection and noncoincidence of torsion center and gravity center, the equilibrium formulas of variable-curvature box-girder with rectangular cross section were established. Based on deformation expression of arbitrary point on the girder and relationship between inner forces and displacement equations, considering noncoincidence of torsional center and gravity center, the governing differential equations for variable-curvature box-girders were generalized.

针对具有竖直对称轴的矩形断面变曲率箱梁，考虑了挠曲剪切应变和曲梁剪心和形心分离的影响，推导了变曲率箱梁的平衡方程；通过箱梁内任一点的位移方程和内力-位移关系，推导了考虑曲梁剪心和形心分离的变曲率箱梁的挠曲扭转控制微分方程。

We can also provide special purpose of bending die, elbow-, knife-shaped die, 90 °, 60 °, 45 °, 30 °, R-shaped, cylindrical, pressure-bending, U-bending and embossing Die, Die container, various Denggan mode, cutting plate machine blade, to map processing, non-standard design.

我们还可以提供特殊用途的折弯模具，有弯头模、刀形模、90°、60°、45°、30°、R形、圆柱形、折弯压力形、U型和折弯压印模、集装箱专用模、各种灯杆模、剪板机刀片、来图加工、非标设计等。

We can also provide for special purposes Die, Die elbow, knife-shaped die, 90 °, 60 °, 45 °, 30 °, R-shaped, cylindrical, pressure-bending, U-bending pressure and an impression Container module, various Denggan mode, cutting plate machine blade, to map processing, non-standard design.

我们还可以提供特殊用途的模具，有弯头模、刀形模、90°、60°、45°、30°、R 形、圆柱形、折弯压力形、 U 型和折弯压印模、集装箱专用模、各种灯杆模、剪板机刀片、来图加工、非标设计等。

The other factor making confinement improve is plasma rotation which is present in almost all current tokamaks It has been shown that the plasma rotation plays an important role in creating or maintaining transport barriers Some researcher have started considering the transport, the instability, and so on in the rotating plasma in the reversed shear configuration.

另外，早先发现等离子体旋转也是改善约束、输运垒形成的重要因素，一些人开始考虑在反磁剪切位形下旋转等离子体中的输运、不稳定性等问题。在本论文中我们把反磁剪切位形下有旋转的托卡马克等离子体理解为高约束先进托卡马克等离子体。

The safety factor q, one of the important parameters in tokamaks, has directly and accurately been measured in TFTR, DIII-D, JT-60U, and Tore Supra, etc The reversed shear configuration, which has negative magnetic shear in the inner region and positive magnetic shear in the outer region, has been proposed as an advanced tokamak operation Improved confinement and the formation of an internal transport barrier in the negative shear region have been observed One is tending to research physical subjects in the reversed shear tokamaks.

详细近年来，一种新的先进的托卡马克磁场位形—反磁剪切位形已经逐步被人们所认识，在托卡马克装置上普遍观察到了负磁剪切区等离子体约束的显著改善，人们越来越多地关注在反磁剪切位形下托卡马克的物理问题。

It would surely require a man of gumption to leave the house clad in the stuff Mr. Browne sent out on his runway: neoprene mini-skorts, polka-dotted halter rompers, belled pants lopped off at midcalf, waste-basket hats inset with sunglasses, dropped crotch trousers inspired by a mermaid's tail.

离开这个用 Browne 先生在展示台上展出的材料覆盖的房子，确实需要一个人的勇气：这些材料有氯丁橡胶超短裙裤、有圆点的波尔卡布系带连裤童装、在小腿肚剪断的有钟形花的短裤、嵌入太阳镜的垃圾筐式的帽子、受一个美人鱼的尾巴启发的降到胯部的裤子。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。