剪应变

The energy equation of structural response under cyclic reversed loads is set up. Through the calculation and comparison of input energy, elastic strain energy, accumulative plastic dissipating energy and friction-damp dissipating energy, it is indicated that friction-damp dissipating energy should be increased as much as possible by reasonable design to decrease structural inelastic deformation and damage.

建立了结构在低周反复荷载作用下的能量反应方程，通过总输入能、弹性应变能、塑性累积耗能和摩阻控制装置耗能的计算和比较，分析了普通低剪力墙和新型低剪力墙的耗能能力，指出为减轻结构的非弹性变形和破损程度，应通过合理设计来尽量增大摩阻控制装置耗能。

The result shows that the relationship between stress and strain can be described by Hardin model.

试验结果表明：该尾矿砂的动应力应变关系可用Hardin等效黏弹性模型描述，模型中的起始动剪切模量和最大动剪应力皆随固结应力比和有效固结围压的增大而增大，这两个参数与有效固结轴压成幂函数关系，且其受固结应力的影响较小。

Theoretical analysis and engineering application show that the new updated model can reflect inelasticity, nonlinearity, dilatancy and other main mechanical behaviors of rockfill and has the advantage of wide adaptability of constitutive parameters.

理论分析和算例应用表明，所改进的Gudehus-Bauer亚塑性模型能够合理反映堆石料的非弹性、非线性、剪胀剪缩性等主要应力、应变特性，且具有本构参数适用范围广的优点。

According to the test, the distribution of steel tube strain in course of shear bond failure is analyzed in detail.The finite element analysis model of the shear bond at the interface of CFST was also built up. Steel tubes, concrete and the interface between steel and concrete were modeled by Shell, 3D Entity and Contact element, respectively.

此外，本文还对其中2根圆钢管混凝土试件和2根方钢管混凝土试件的钢管外表面进行了应变追踪测试，研究了钢管混凝土在抗剪粘结破坏过程中钢管外表面应变分布规律。

Measured the basic physical parameters of unsaturated soils in Three Gorges Reservoir area; 2 measured the initial sample matric suction using the unsaturated triaxial testing system, which can be used to evaluate the unsaturated soil strength and stress; 3 the drying and moisture absorption experiments were executed using the Tempe apparatus, and got the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve, permeability coefficients of every stress level were simulated according to the parameters from the SWCC; 4 the unsaturated soil strength tests were carried out using the GDS triaxial testing system, then got the Mohr circle and shear strength parameters; the results from different stress paths were compared; meanwhile, the axial strain-stress ratio-volume strain curve of different matric suction and different radial pressure was got, as well as their relationship; The research, which provided the necessary data and reference for Three Gorges Reservoir area geologic disaster, is the basic component of Three Gorges Reservoir geologic disaster prevention and research, and experimental results will be used directly in the project.

1量测了三峡库区非饱和土的基本物性参数； 2用非饱和土三轴试验仪量测了试样的初始基质吸力，为评估非饱和土的强度和应力水平提供参考； 3用Tempe仪和体积压力板仪进行了非饱和土的干燥和吸湿试验，得到了土-水特征曲线，并根据其参数拟合出各级吸力状态下对应的渗透系数； 4用GDS三轴仪进行了强度试验，得到了Mohr圆和抗剪强度参数；并比较分析了不同应力路径下试验结果；同时得到不同吸力和不同围压下轴向应变-应力比-体应变的关系曲线和其相互关系。该研究是三峡库区地质灾害防治研究工作的基础性工作，其结果将直接应用到工程实际中，为三峡库区地质灾害提供必要的数据和参考。

Taking a Mohr-Coulomb type of soil as example, the relationship between plastic shear strain and plastic volumetric strain is deduced, and the reason behind volumetric locking is revealed.

以摩尔－库仑模型为例，推导了塑性剪切应变和塑性体积应变的关系，揭示闭锁产生的原因。

In the plane model, the main ore-controlling factors and dynamic mechanism are studied, discussing the variation process of regional structural stress field,(including the shear strain and volumetric strain that is closely related with mineralization), and the variation of pore pressure in adjacent regions of Zou-Shi fault.

平面模型主要研究了挤压应力作用下矿区的主要控矿因素及成矿的力学机理，探讨区域构造应力场(主要讨论与成矿作用密切相关的剪切应变、体积应变等)的变化过程，以及断裂带附近的孔隙压力变化。

Furthermore,the correlation among the strain rate sensitivity,temperature and shear strain hasalso been studied.

此外，还对应变率敏感系数与温度，剪切应变之间的关系进行了研究。

Defined the linear strain rate, the shear strain rate, and the rigid rotation rate.

定义线性应变速率，剪切应变速率，刚体旋转速度。

First, based on the relations of stress and strain between the whole medium and its macroscopically isotropic constituents, an explicit relation between elastic matrices of the whole medium and its constituents was derived. Combining the explicit relation of elastic matrices with the strain's relation, two coefficient tensors were defined and analyzed to get a general relation between the hulk and shear modulus of the whole medium under the assumption that all the field variables are in a unified coordinate system. Secondly, combining these relations with the classical Hashin-Shtrikman elastic modulus bounds, four new expressions of elastic medium of the whole medium were obtained and compared with the original hounds. Last, these formulae were applied in the computation of effective elastic moduli of clean sandstone saturated with pore water.

首先基于整体介质与宏观各向同性组分满足的应力和应变组分关系，推导出整体介质弹性矩阵与组分弹性矩阵之间的显式关系，联合其应变关系，定义和分析了对应的两个系数张童，并据此导出了相关场变量位于统一坐标系时整体介质体积模量与剪切模量的关系；然后将经典的Hashin-Shtrikman弹性模量边界模型与上述关系式结合，得到4个新的整体介质弹性模量的估算公式，再与原始的Hashin-Shtrikman弹性模量边界进行了比较，最后针对饱和水纯净砂岩介质进行了试算。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。