剪应变

Yet for thickness shear actuators, due to the shear deformation dominates the plate deflection for shear actuation mechanism, the higher order shear theory can provide more accurate evaluation of the shear strain energy of the plate than the first-order o

但对于厚度剪切型激励器而言，由于激励器主要是引起板的剪切变形，而高阶剪切变形理论比一阶剪切变形理论能更好地反映结构的剪切应变能，因此高阶剪切变形理论可以提供板变形的更为精确的解。

The volumetric strain due to stress-dilatancy of sand is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component.

基于对较高精度的砂土扭剪试验成果的分析，表明砂土的剪胀是由一个完全可逆的体应变分量和一个不可逆的体应变分量构成的。

It is found that the main source of fillet weld's angle distortion is the inherent shear strain component ε but not the transverse inherent normal component.

结果发现：角焊缝产生角变形的主要根源是固有剪切应变，而不是传统思维认为的横向固有正应变，且角变形的大小与固有剪切应变的分布形式密切相关。

The plastic deformation induced due to cyclic rotation of principal stress axes alone can be in the same magnitude as that due to shear with fixed principal stress axes. 2 The volumetric strain due to shearing of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. The former is characterized by its reversibility and is independent of past shear history, the latter by its irreversibility increases with the increase of cycle number yet its increase rate decreases with its accumulation. 3 The obvious non-coaxiality between directions of the principal stresses and principal strain increments is found and its degree depends largely on the change of shear stress component. 4 The intermediate principal stress has considerable effects on the deformation behavior of sands in the condition of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes. The accumulation rate of the irreversible dilatancy component increases with the increase of the intermediate principal stress parameter.

具有初始各向异性的砂土在纯应力主轴循环旋转排水条件下的主要变形规律为：①纯应力主轴循环旋转可产生与应力主轴固定单调剪切处于同一数量级的塑性变形；②纯应力主轴循环旋转引起的剪切体变包含可逆性剪切体变分量和不可逆性剪切体变分量两部分，其中可逆性剪切体变分量在一周内可完全恢复，基本与应力历史无关；不可逆性剪切体变分量随循环周数的增加呈单调增加，且增加速率随其自身累积值的增大呈减小趋势；③应变增量主轴与应力主轴之间的非共轴现象显著，且在一周内具有分段性；④中主应力对应力主轴循环旋转条件下砂土的变形特性有重要影响，不可逆性剪切体变分量的累积速率随中主应力系数的增加而增加。

The quasi linear dependence of Raman shift upon fiber strain was first used to measure the residual thermal strain along the fiber axis.Then the same dependence was used to determine the fiber strain during pull-out test.Finally the distribution of striain along the fiber axis was converted to the distribution of interfacial shear stress.

利用纤维拉曼峰波数偏移与纤维所受应变的近似线性关系，首先测定纤维热残余应变的分布，随后对伸出玻璃基体外的纤维段施加给定的拉伸应变，沿纤维轴向用拉曼光谱术逐点测定基体内外纤维的应变，最后依据力平衡原理将应变分布转换为界面剪切应力沿纤维轴向的分布。

Such a diagram will show a definite straight-line portionin which the shearing stress is directly proportional to the shearing strain, Like the normal stress-strain ratio, the ratio of the two shear quantities, is known as the modulus rigidity or shear modulus of elasticity.

这个图表中的直线部分明确表示出剪切应力与其产生的相应的剪切应变。象常规的应力应变比值一样，此两者剪切量之间的比值，被称为弹性剪切模量或者硬度系数。

Tensor is a strain gauge used to measure the direction of the plane on three different levels of strain changes its beauty lies in obtaining the largest and the smallest strain, shear strain, as well as other components of the contingency money and direction.

一种是张量应变测量仪用于测量三个不同平面方向上的水平应变变化，其优点在于可以计算出最大、最小应变、剪切应变以及其他应变分量的量值和方向。

It is indicated that loosely compacted soil is of strain-softening behaviour under undrained conditions, accompanied with a rapid increase in excess pore water pressure. In anisotropically consolidated constant shear stress tests, a very small axial strain was required to induce the failure and the excess pore water pressure increased quickly at failure.

研究表明：松散填土在不排水条件下具有应变软化的特性，软化过程中伴随着孔隙水压力的迅速上升，有较高的液化势；在常剪应力排水剪条件下，具有破坏前轴向应变小、破坏时间短，破坏过程中孔隙水压力迅速上升。

Under the condition of small strain, anisotropy is shown; however, the anisotropy degree decreases with the increase of shear strain, and the approximately isotropy is got. At the same time, the effect of stress path circumgyration on shear modulus decreases gradually along with the increase of shear strain.

在小应变条件下，土体表现出各向异性，但随剪切应变的增加而逐渐减小，最终表示为近似各向同性；同时由应力路径旋转对模量的影响也随着剪切应变的增加而逐渐衰减。

Finite strain measures and kinematic vorticity analysis of deformed granite in mylonitic zone show that ductile shear zone is between plane strain and constraint strain and belongs to lengthening-thinning shear zone. Sub-striking stretch lineation in ductile shear zone and dip strea on brittle fault surface are not result of transferring of lineation but production of different deformations.

糜棱岩带变形花岗岩的有限应变测量和运动学涡度分析显示剪切带总体应变为介于平面应变与拉长应变之间的类型，属一般加长-减薄剪切带；断层系中近走向线理和倾向擦痕不是线理转化的结果，而是不同阶段变形的产物。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。